Marine culture refers to the cultural concept and form formed by relying on the ocean for commodity production. Chaoshan culture is a typical marine culture in China. At the same time, the development of marine culture also has many advantages.
Keywords Chaoshan marine culture advantage factors
"2 1 century is the ocean century", which has almost become a kind of knowledge at home and abroad; The arrival of the ocean century has also set off an upsurge of marine culture research. People should pay more attention to the blue ocean from the perspectives of economic development, cultural exchange and resource development, as well as human survival and environmental protection. Marine culture refers to the culture produced and created by human beings because of the ocean; Compared with inland culture, marine culture is more open, diverse, compatible, adventurous, mysterious and enterprising.
China is a land and sea country with a long southeast coastline. Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, there has been a trend of marine development in China. Especially in the Song Dynasty, due to the shift of political and economic focus to the south, the development of commodity economy and the prosperity of overseas trade, the export-oriented economic components in the southeast coastal areas accelerated and became the main body of overseas trade in the Song Dynasty. Under the impetus of this situation, the foreign trade development in Chaoshan area, located in the southeast corner, presents a thriving scene, which has injected new and important vitality into the marine culture in Chaoshan area. Mr. Kui clearly pointed out in his book "Hipsters and Markets" that China's marine culture is in Chaoshan. He believes that China's marine culture developed in Chaoshan, which is located at the end of the province. Typical examples are Chaozhou culture and Hakka culture here. Both can be said to be the combination of marine culture and mainland culture. If subdivided, hipster culture is based on marine culture and transformed by mainland culture; Hakka culture is based on mainland culture and influenced by marine culture.
Judging from the natural conditions of China's vast coastal areas, the area from the Taiwan Province Strait to the Pearl River Estuary can form commodity exchanges with Southeast Asian countries, and it has the conditions to breed marine culture. The marine culture in Chaoshan area is typical. Chaoshan area, including a part of eastern Guangdong, southern Jiangxi and western Fujian in ancient times, now mainly refers to the areas under the jurisdiction of Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. The reason why Chaoshan area can become a model is inseparable from Chaoshan culture. Chaoshan culture has many advantages in developing marine culture.
1 Smart personality and strong market awareness
Chaoshan has a large population, small living space and lack of material resources, which forms a psychological character of shrewd estimation of actual interests. For example, in agriculture, intensive cultivation and rotation interplanting, "farming is like embroidery". In business, Chaoshan people are also known for their shrewdness and calculation, and they are called "Jews in China". Someone once made a comparison and thought: Shanghainese are good at calculation, but they are getting smaller and smaller, and Chaoshan people are getting bigger and bigger. Hakkas are also good at calculation, but Hakkas are good at politics and have many high-ranking politicians, while Chaoshan people are good at business and have many industrial and commercial tycoons. This delicate and shrewd character is also in line with the "digital management" style of modern commercial society.
Market awareness is the main difference between marine culture and mainland culture. The earliest material basis of marine culture is ship, fish and salt. People engaged in fishing and drying salt must exchange goods in order to obtain other necessities of life and even expand the means of production for reproduction. Therefore, in their eyes, everything appears in the form of commodities. In commodity trading, Chaoshan people are sometimes generous and sometimes calculating. For customers, in order to win each other's goodwill, they tend to make small profits but quick turnover, preferring to eat small losses themselves and take a long-term view, so that more repeat customers will naturally come. However, in the process of negotiation or bargaining, they are very careful, and they calculate every penny of profits very clearly. Chaozhou businessmen have done a lot of business in the southeast coastal areas of China, and they are also quite influential in Thailand and Singapore. A strong sense of commodity is an advantageous cultural potential of Chaoshan people, which enables them to travel all over urban and rural areas and penetrate all walks of life, especially during the period of reform and opening up. Being meticulous and smart at the same time is one of the tricks that Chaoshan people are good at doing business. Chaoshan people are pioneers of commodity consciousness, everything can be exchanged, and all goods are valuable. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration for hipsters to be called Oriental Jews.
2 the relative openness of ideology and culture
China culture with a long history of thousands of years includes not only inland farming culture, but also grassland nomadic culture and marine culture in marginal areas. The inland culture is basically a closed feudal culture, while the marine culture in the marginal zone shows different characteristics of openness and commercialization from the feudal culture. Due to the war, the population of Lingbei in Song Dynasty moved to Guangdong. Immigrants and being demoted by the central government brought orthodox cultural thoughts and advanced technology to the Central Plains. This factor hit it off with the fishermen's marine economy, market awareness and management concept in this area. Because Chaoshan area is separated from the Central Plains, far away from the ancient battlefield of the Central Plains, and the political environment is relatively relaxed, this area has become the first choice for people in the Central Plains to take refuge. At the end of Qin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the end of Song Dynasty and the end of Ming Dynasty, several large-scale immigration climaxes became the main source of Chaoshan residents. They brought various systematic cultures and ideas from all over the country. Ren Chao culture is based on marine culture and is transformed by mainland culture. Compared with people in mountainous areas and grasslands, people here are well-informed and have a strong passion for exploring nature. They * * * look to other places and all parts of Southeast Asia. For example, there are many businessmen operating in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Southeast Asian countries, and most of them are excellent.
A strong sense of exploring the sea and fighting spirit.
Ocean consciousness, that is, ocean view, refers to people's overall view and fundamental view of the marine world. It reflects people's understanding of the ocean, including the relationship between the ocean and human beings, how to develop and utilize marine resources, marine environmental protection and so on. Since the Song Dynasty, the long sailing history of China people has cultivated the sailing spirit of China people. As Hegel pointed out, sailing is an extremely risky activity, and the sea in the east is stormy, with typhoons raging from time to time, so sailing is very dangerous. However, residents of China's coastal areas, Fujian and Guangdong, bravely explored the waters of East and South Asia. As far as the distribution of Mazu Tempel in the East is concerned, there are Mazu Tempel buildings in Southeast Asia, Japan, South Korea and Ryukyu, which reflects the brave adventurous spirit of China people and their efforts to conquer the ocean. Mazu's divinity in the eyes of China people is brave and indomitable. In Mazu, people can see the characteristics of oriental marine culture. Chaoshan faces the sea in the south, and the tide rises and falls. Since ancient times, hardworking Chaoshan people have forged an indissoluble bond with the sea. Chaoshan area is small and densely populated, and there are great contradictions among population, resources and environment. The fierce competitive environment has cultivated the creative, pioneering and adventurous spirit of Chaoshan people, and many people go abroad to make a living, forming a social atmosphere. The turbulent sea always arouses the psychological impulse of Chaoshan people. They dream of the sea and ask it for a gift from nature. The long coastline, numerous islands and excellent ports make Chaoshan a prerequisite for developing overseas trade. In addition, due to the long-term struggle with the wind and waves, Chaoshan people gradually formed the flexibility of advocating mobility and the pioneering spirit of taking risks, which also gave them the characteristics and development foundation of marine culture. Under the influence of marine culture, hipsters' thinking is fluid, and they believe that "love will win". From a few years ago, a bamboo basket and a tarpaulin were "turned over" to "opened with bare hands" in modern society, hipsters are known for their hard work and self-improvement. Because hipsters are good at pioneering and daring to take risks, they have attracted the attention of the whole world. The characteristics and consciousness of this marine culture have continued to modern times.
4 a strong sense of integrity
Relationship and credit are four-word formulas for the success of hipsters summarized by French orientalist Han Lin. According to Han Lin's observation, among overseas Chinese, Shang Chao businessmen value relationships and credit most, so that they don't need banks, and relationships and credit are enough to guarantee them. Why did Li Can Li Ka-shing succeed? Tsung i Jao, an international sinologist, only found the word "credit", believing that Chaozhou businessmen inherited their ancestral teachings and applied them to business, resulting in business ethics. This is the biggest key to their success, especially worth inheriting and spreading. Mr Li Ka-shing also attaches great importance to the importance of honesty. Li Ka-shing has always adhered to the principle of good faith in doing business. He said: "I don't make money in some businesses ... some businesses are already known to be harmful to people, and I won't do it even if society allows it." "I won't do it if I damage my reputation just to make money." Some people only regard Mr. Li Ka-shing's success as the result of superhuman wisdom, but they don't know that it is also a success of abiding by honesty.