Abstract: Private economy has become an important part of the national economy, and has played an important role in promoting economic development, innovating science and technology, and satisfying employment. However, as the main body of private economy, private enterprises, especially small and medium-sized private enterprises, have some problems in human resource management and development, such as lack of correct personnel concept, unclear organizational structure, vague talent concept, imperfect salary management and performance appraisal, and unsystematic staff training, which seriously affect the healthy development of private enterprises. These problems are caused by macro-environment and more by the quality and consciousness of private enterprises, especially entrepreneurs. Starting from the enterprise itself, we should focus on improving the quality of private entrepreneurs, improving the organizational structure, improving the performance appraisal, employee training and salary management systems, so as to improve the human resource management and development level of private enterprises.