Second, the structure and changes of the test paper
The test paper is divided into two parts: multiple-choice questions and non-multiple-choice questions; Fill in the blanks with non-multiple choice questions and answer short questions; Drawing, experiment and calculation. Compared with previous years, the big change is the cancellation of multiple-choice questions, aiming at reducing the difficulty of test questions; There are also several changes. In the multiple-choice question, each sub-question of the chemistry question 1 point was cancelled. Fill in the blanks and answer short questions. Physics questions are not strictly used. 2 points for each small question; Chemistry test questions are added to drawing and experiment questions.
The total score of the test questions is 120, of which physics is 61; 37 points in chemistry; Comprehensive 22 points.
Multiple choice questions (46 points), of which 1-6 chemistry 12 points; 7- 15 comprehensive score18; 16—23 physics 16.
Fill in the blanks and answer the short answer: 24-28 physics 15; 29 comprehensive 4 points; 30-3 1 chemistry 7 points.
Drawing and experiment questions: 32-35 physics 17; 36-38 chemistry 14.
Calculation problem: 39 chemistry 4 points; 40-4 1 physics 13 points.
Third, the main characteristics of the test questions and the disciplinary ideas embodied.
The proposition highlights the close connection between subject knowledge and practice, and most of the topics have specific practical backgrounds, which fully reflects the examination of students' quality. The proposition fully embodies the guiding ideology of obeying and serving the teaching in the senior high school entrance examination, and plays a correct guiding role in the future teaching.
Judging from the changes in the scores of these questions, this year's comprehensive examination paper obviously increased the physical score (55 points in 2004) and decreased the comprehensive score (30 points in 2004), which fully met the experts' estimation at the seminar of senior high school entrance examination in 2005.
One of the main reasons why people think that the test questions are relatively simple this year is the reduction of the difficulty of the experimental questions. On the basis of being familiar with the experimental principles, equipment and methods of textbooks, the experimental questions require breaking through the box, updating the methods and equipment, and being able to carry out simple experimental design. In particular, the experimental design is based on experimental information, which is basically not involved in the test paper, greatly reducing the difficulty of the experiment.
In a word, the whole set of papers highlights the ability of observation and information utilization, thinking ability, evaluation ability and problem-solving ability, and highlights the evaluation of students' learning process. This set of questions pays attention to integrating theory with practice and cares about the development of science and technology. Physics is closely related to life, ranging from daily life, diet and daily life to high-tech frontier knowledge. "From life to physics, from physics to society" conforms to the requirements of the new curriculum standard, links with life reality, scientific and technological development, social hot issues and related disciplines, and pays attention to broad humanistic background.
Contact with life: If we estimate the current of our common household appliances (TV sets, refrigerators, rice cookers, etc.). When they work normally, we need students to know the general situation of household appliances' power, and then use the formula: P=UI to judge;
Pay attention to social hot issues: such as maglev train (25 questions), camera principle (24 questions), environmental protection issues (8 and 29 questions), negative effects caused by science and technology, etc. (8 questions).
Fourth, students' learning strategies.
(1) Stick to the textbook and review all the knowledge.
By reading the textbook carefully, we can classify the knowledge points in the textbook systematically and truly understand every knowledge point. The standard of understanding is that you can answer questions such as "what", "how" and "why" for every concept and law. Also pay attention to what scientific methods are involved in the content of the textbook and how these scientific methods are reflected in the exercises. Pay special attention to finding problems that you don't understand or understand deeply. For some similar and confusing knowledge, it is necessary to be able to tell their connections and essential differences, so as to achieve the purpose of truly solving problems. In this way, we can not only master the knowledge of teaching materials, but also achieve the purpose of "checking for leaks and filling gaps"
(two) through certain practice, exercise thinking, digest the knowledge.
There are not many physical laws in junior high school, but the physical phenomena and processes are ever-changing. It is not enough to master basic concepts and laws, but also to master scientific thinking mode. Such as the method of creating physical model (such as lever), control variable method, equivalent substitution method (such as equivalent resistance), ratio method, etc. Therefore, under the premise of solving a certain amount of exercises, it is a very effective method to compare and analyze the same type of exercises.
(C) pay attention to the new curriculum reform
The new curriculum reform emphasizes the ability of observation and information utilization, thinking ability, evaluation ability and problem-solving ability, emphasizes the evaluation of students' learning process, pays attention to integrating theory with practice and cares about the development of science and technology. Therefore, we should focus on some hot issues when reviewing.
(D) to strengthen experimental inquiry, highlighting the experimental process, methods and scientific spirit.
Give students some experimental data, and ask them to analyze the given data and draw a conclusion, which may not be learned by junior high school physics students and requires students' expressive ability.
(5) Pay attention to information questions and open questions.
Open examination questions reflect students' ability to think, discover and innovate from materials, and analyze and solve problems by applying physical knowledge and skills, which requires students' flexibility and openness in thinking.
Five, the enlightenment of test questions to teaching and the direction of review in the future
Through the careful analysis of this year's senior high school entrance examination questions, I have benefited a lot. More importantly, it points out the direction for our future preparation.
(A) a correct understanding of the importance of review
Review before the exam, one is to consolidate the knowledge learned, the other is to make up for the loopholes in past study, and the third is to improve the ability to analyze and solve problems by comprehensively applying knowledge. Easier and intermediate questions account for 80% of the test questions, so it will be more rewarding to review all the knowledge points required by the outline and be comprehensive and careful. Some students can make a qualitative leap by reviewing before the exam.
(2) Review should be carried out in stages and orderly.
1, you should stick to the outline and teaching materials and master the basic knowledge.
When reviewing, we must make clear the scope of the syllabus and pay close attention to the textbooks (many of the textbooks for the senior high school entrance examination in recent years are original questions or questions changed on the basis of the original questions). Grasping the foundation is to see clearly the contents of the textbook, the experiments of every student in the textbook, and every graphic chart in the textbook. Pay attention to the non-key content in the textbook (the current middle school entrance examination questions are small, numerous and involve a wide range), the formula derivation in the textbook, the method and process of analyzing examples in the textbook, the "think about it" in the textbook, and the "what have you learned" behind each chapter of the textbook. To review basic knowledge, we should classify the knowledge we have learned, review it systematically and emphatically, focus on basic knowledge training, and focus on reviewing, explaining and training the problems that are easy to confuse mistakes and the intersection of knowledge; But also to give students a knowledge structure, that is, knowledge network. In the process of students' review, we establish the mutual connection of knowledge, and we can't divide knowledge into a bunch of irrelevant fragmentary knowledge. The review effect of basic knowledge plays a decisive role in students' excellent performance in the senior high school entrance examination. Only by reviewing the basic knowledge well can students' analytical ability and problem-solving ability be improved, so the review of basic knowledge must be solid.
2. Comprehensive review of relevant knowledge points
Taking junior high school physics knowledge points as the carrier, it is the focus of the provincial senior high school entrance examination proposition to examine students' ability of analysis, judgment, understanding and synthesis and their ability to solve practical problems by using physics knowledge. Generally, this kind of proposition accounts for about 40% of the total score in the senior high school entrance examination in our province, and the propositions with medium difficulty or above are basically this kind of exercises. Therefore, the review of this kind of questions should be the focus of our guidance for students to review, and it is also the difficulty of reviewing the senior high school entrance examination. My experience in reviewing this part is mainly two points: one is "accuracy"; The second is "fine".
"Accuracy" refers to the accuracy of all knowledge points that are prone to comprehensive parts in physics; The scope and direction of the comprehensive part of the senior high school entrance examination proposition should be grasped accurately. "Precision" means to be precise and concise on the basis of "accuracy", especially for key exercises, difficult exercises, hot exercises and exercises that students easily confuse (such as inertia, strength; Balance and interaction), we must be targeted and concise, so that students can draw inferences.
3. Special comments
Because the exam questions are stable, we can review some topics in a targeted way. For example: mapping topics; Experimental topics, etc.
Experimental topics should focus on demonstration experiments and student experiments in teaching materials, and on this basis, appropriate changes should be made to form different forms of inquiry experiments or open experiments.
4. Simulation training
At present, there are many simulation exercises in various cities. We can simulate the senior high school entrance examination in an appropriate amount to familiarize students with the atmosphere and questions of the senior high school entrance examination, but we must never replace the review of basic knowledge with practice, and we must not make students hate the examination because of too much simulation training. When explaining the simulated test paper, we should understand the correct problem-solving methods and precautions of different types of questions according to the characteristics of the structure of the provincial senior high school entrance examination questions. For example: problems that may be caused by the order of test questions; Exclusion method and tick mark method commonly used in multiple-choice questions; Unit questions and space length in short answer questions; The normality of drawing questions; Methods and steps to solve calculation problems, etc.
These are my views on the physics test questions in this year's senior high school entrance examination and the direction of my future efforts. I hope I can exchange and learn with more teachers.