The so-called thesis is an article that discusses or studies a certain problem. Its extension is an article, and its connotation is discussion and research. Therefore, it is a reasoning article. The emphasis here is on understanding "discussion" and "research", which are the essential attributes of the paper.
Second, the classification:
First, scientific research papers. Is to investigate a problem and write an investigation report; An experimental report written after a scientific experiment on a certain problem; An experience report that summarizes an experience and rises to a higher theoretical level. Their common characteristics are clear research object and clear practice process, which reflect the author's practice and research process. They often make qualitative and quantitative analysis through measurement, statistical data and environmental evidence. If it is studied as a subject, it is a research report.
The second is academic papers. It is a paper that has not experimented or practiced a certain problem, but relies on a certain theory or consulting literature to conceive and explore in theory and put forward strategic thinking. Or a paper that critically thinks about a theoretical problem.
The above two papers are not necessarily completely independent individuals, and there is no completely divided boundary.
Third, the form:
At present, most of the papers in the field of education come from front-line teachers, and most of them are papers summarizing experience. There are also research reports and theoretical research articles. This gives people the illusion that paper is the above three forms. In fact, a project plan, a case study report and even a lecture note are all papers. It is wrong to exclude them. If it is not a paper, is it a literary work or a news report? Or Lu Xun's essays!
Graduation papers and thesis topics need to be typeset in a standard format.
The format of the paper includes the following aspects.
1, paper title format: (under the title, indicate the author, zip code, work unit, and students write school)
Requirements are accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.
2. Contents
A table of contents is a short list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)
3. Summary:
It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and concise content. The number of words can be as few as dozens or more.
It is advisable not to exceed 300 words.
4. Key words or keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which is the expression of the paper.
The central content of this word has substantial meaning. Keywords are the contents of papers used by computer systems for indexing.
Features of the text, easy to collect information system, for readers to retrieve. Each paper is generally selected.
Take 3-8 words as key words, and put another line at the bottom left of the "Summary".
5. Text of the document:
(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. introduce
Generally, the writer's intention is required to explain the purpose and significance of the topic and point out the writing of the paper.
The scope of. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.
(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments and arguments.
Syndrome process and conclusion. The main part includes the following contents:
A. Questions-arguments;
B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;
C. problem solving-demonstrating methods and steps;
D. conclusion.
Step 6 refer to
The reference of the paper is the main reference or citation of the paper in research and writing.
Literature, listed at the end of the article.
English: Title-Author-Publication Information (Edition, Publisher, Publication Date)
English: Author-Title-Publication Information
The requirements of the listed reference documents are:
The references listed in (1) should be official publications for readers' textual research.
(2) The listed references shall indicate the serial number, title, author and publication time of the book or article.
Version information.
As I said just now, whether it is for publication or graduation thesis written by college students, it needs to be typeset according to the above paper format, otherwise your thesis or graduation thesis may not pass the examination.
Question 2: The background and significance of the topic. 10 How to write an opening report generally depends on the writer's intention, what theory he mainly uses and what purpose he wants to achieve. Explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme. There are several ways to write it: the first way is to state the reason or purpose, time and place, object or scope, process and method, and personnel composition of the investigation itself, and draw the central question or basic conclusion from it; The second is to state the historical background, development survey, actual situation, main achievements, outstanding problems and other basic situations of the respondents, and then put forward the central issues or main viewpoints; The third is to come straight to the point and directly summarize the survey results, such as affirming the practice, pointing out the problems, prompting the impact, and explaining the central content. The preface plays the role of making the finishing point, and it should be concise and to the point.
Question 3: Why choose the topic? The reason why you chose this topic is to explain why you chose this topic. There are two main ways of writing:
First, it is because you have seen information and examples that are consistent or contrary to your paper. This requires you to analyze examples or data and emphasize your own thinking. Finally, you are asked to explain your ideas and the research you have done to prove your point.
Second, because the content of your research has clear theoretical value and practical significance. Starting with the origin and research process of the viewpoint, put forward whether your thesis is a summary or an innovation of previous studies. Your research is conducive to perfecting or clarifying this view and guiding practice, which has both theoretical value and practical significance. Finally, I put forward my own views.
It is basically a form of literature review, but if there is a separate literature review in your paper structure, then you can't list too many research results in this part. Explain the value and significance of the research, the feasibility and necessity of the research, and make this clear to let others know why you chose this topic.
I wish you success in your thesis writing!
Question 4: How to write the research significance of graduation thesis? The opening report mainly includes the following aspects:
(A) the name of the paper
The name of the paper is the name of the subject.
First, the name should be accurate and standardized. Accuracy means that the title of the paper should clearly explain what the problem is and what the research object is. The name of the paper must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and you should accurately summarize your research objects and problems.
Second, the name should be concise, not too long. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words.
(2) The purpose and significance of the research.
The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role this research has, and then writing the theoretical and academic value of the paper. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the study (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration of this study. ⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.
(3) The history and present situation of this thesis at home and abroad (literature review).
It should be standardized, and minor items can be omitted. Generally, it includes: mastering the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; Look for the problems that need further study, so as to determine the research platform (starting point), research characteristics or breakthrough point of this topic.
(D) The guiding ideology of the thesis research
The guiding ideology is what direction should be adhered to and what requirements should be met on a macro level. This direction or requirement can be philosophy, political theory, educational development planning, and guiding opinions on research issues.
(E) the goal of writing a thesis
The goal of thesis writing is the specific goal to be achieved at the end of the project, and what specific problems to be solved is the predetermined goal of this thesis: namely, the goal orientation of this thesis writing, the goal should be closely related to the project, and the words should be accurate, concise and clear.
Common problems are: not writing research objectives; The target deduction is not strict; The target word is inaccurate; The goal is set too high, and the predetermined goal has not been studied or can not be studied.
When determining the goal of thesis writing, on the one hand, we should consider the requirements of the subject itself, on the other hand, we should examine the actual working conditions and work level.
(6) The basic content of the paper.
The research content should be more specific and clear. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When determining the research content, people often don't consider it very specifically. The research content of writing is particularly general and vague, and the purpose and significance of writing are taken as the research content.
The basic contents generally include: (1) the definition of the topic of the paper. Three points should be clarified as far as possible: research object, research problem and research method. ⑵ Definition of theories, nouns, terms and concepts related to this writing.
(7) Writing methods of papers
Specific writing methods can be selected from the following methods: observation, investigation, experiment, experience summary, case study, comparative study, literature and so on.
(eight) the steps of thesis writing
The steps of thesis writing are also the arrangement of the time and order of thesis writing. The steps of writing a thesis should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of the research content. Generally speaking, it starts with the basic problems and is carried out in stages. When each stage starts and ends, there must be rules. The main steps and time schedule of the study include: what stages are the whole study divided into; I hope I can help you with the start and end time of each stage. Master's opening report and thesis writing are our specialties, and our service features: supporting Alipay transactions and ensuring the safety of your funds. Three service modes and multiple reviews of articles ensure the quality of articles. Attached is a plagiarism detection report for your safe use. Infinite revisions, even the teacher who is making things difficult can pass.
1. Title: accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.
2. Table of Contents: A table of contents is a brief list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)
3. Abstract: It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and pithy content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.
4. Keywords or subject words: keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, and are words with substantive significance to express the central content of the paper. Keys ... >>
Question 5: How to write the results of graduation thesis project? Expected results refer to the research results you expect before the project starts. For example, research equipment may be a device, and research technology may be a new process, formula, etc. The achievement can be expressed in the form of an academic paper, a patent, a piece of equipment and a set of technological processes. Specifically, when applying for a project, there is a ready-made format, so upload it.
Hello, have you decided on the topic of your opening report? Did the teacher agree to the topic of the opening report? Which direction do you want to write?
Is the specific format of the opening report school ready? How many words are you going to write? You can ask if you don't understand. I hope I can help you. I wish the topic selection of the opening report passed smoothly and the graduation thesis writing process went smoothly.
Technical route generally refers to the process of preparation, initiation, conduct, repetition and achievement of research, not the writing process of graduation thesis or the preparation and conduct of defense. Many students will make these mistakes.
Refer to the same type of papers. The technical route is actually about the overall thinking, logical reasoning process and argumentation method adopted in your paper.
In the whole process of postgraduate education, the quality of dissertations is an important symbol to measure the quality of postgraduate training. The quality of the paper depends largely on the detail of the opening report. The opening report of the paper is very detailed. Although it takes a lot of time in the early stage, it is very convenient to write the paper, ensuring the quality and quantity of the paper to be completed within the specified time. However, if we don't pay attention to the thesis opening report and regard it as a form, then writing a thesis will have no goal, no direction and no ideas, and it may take more detours, and it is difficult to ensure the quality of graduation thesis.
First, the significance of the thesis opening report
The opening report of master's thesis is an explanatory report on the topic selection and implementation of master's thesis written by graduate students after completing literature research. The paper opening report is the focus of literature research, and also the dispersion point of paper research, which plays a positioning role in research work.
The purpose of writing a thesis opening report is to ask teachers and experts to help judge whether the research topic is valuable, whether the research method is effective, and whether the argument logic is obviously flawed. Therefore, the opening report of the paper should focus on the main contents of the study, the main problems to be solved (or the main viewpoints expounded), the research steps, methods and measures. However, in my work practice, I found that many students often spend a lot of ink to describe other people's research results in their thesis opening reports, but when it comes to their own research methods, they often pass in a few words. This is not convenient for the evaluation teacher to guide.
Second, how to write a thesis opening report
(A) the premise of the thesis opening report-through theoretical thinking on the topic.
In work practice, it is found that the common problem in the opening report of master's thesis is that the topic is inappropriate. Some topics are too "mediocre", some topics are too broad, the research content is too broad, and the topics are not in line with the reality of master students, so it is difficult to practice. For example, the topic of the paper put forward by some students is "Study on New Neutral Nickel Catalyst and Its Catalytic Synthesis of Polyethylene and Polypropylene". This topic is meaningful and innovative, and the author's research ideas are correct. However, the scope of the thesis is too large, and the research content is obviously too much, so a master student can't finish it on time. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine the research content and pay attention to the operability of the project.
So how to choose research questions? The emphasis here is to discover research problems through theoretical thinking.
A theory is a logical system composed of a series of premises and terms. Theories in specific fields have their specific concepts, categories and research paradigms. Only under the same concepts, perspectives and paradigms can theories speak. Only through dialogue can theory develop. It is difficult for master's and doctoral dissertations to create new theories, and most of them are developed on the basis of existing theories.
Secondly, the problem of choice is a process of "peeling", and theoretical problems are always deeply hidden behind complex reality. Finding theoretical problems requires the ability to use theoretical thinking. This requires us to constantly exercise and improve our theoretical thinking ability. In our daily study, we need to constantly summarize and analyze from what angles predecessors generally analyze and study problems and what theoretical tools and methods are used, and constantly improve our theoretical thinking ability through study and summary, so as to choose academic theoretical value and application value, and closely combine them with national economic construction and scientific research projects undertaken by tutors ... >>
Question 6: The background and significance of the topic. How to write the previous research results, choose the topic to the present situation,
Do you have any special views on this topic?
Why did you choose this topic? Do you have any objection to the previous research results and opinions?
Or do you have any deeper views?
Question 7: How to write the significance of graduation thesis topic selection? The significance and purpose of the topic selection is generally the first content in the opening report, which is to explain whether the topic you are studying has research value or discussion value, and the purpose of writing the opening report. In fact, it is necessary to ask a tutor to judge whether our topic has research value, whether this research method is possible, and whether this argument logic has obvious defects. When writing meaning, you can decide the form according to your own topic, which can be divided into practical meaning and theoretical meaning. You can also write the purpose and meaning together without subdividing them. In short, you can suggest that you can describe it from these two points, but according to your own topic. Do not copy mechanically: 1. (Your topic) is a novel and meaningful topic that has not been studied by predecessors, that is to say, it has been ignored by predecessors. 2. Previous studies have been made, or although they have been elaborated, the discussion is not comprehensive enough. You should enrich it or refute the previous point of view. In short, the meaning and purpose must be clearly stated and there must be some new ideas. Secondly, pay attention to the theory you use. What theory do you use to prove your point of view should also be clearly stated, otherwise it will be difficult to be convincing, and there must be detailed basis in literature review and evaluation of research level at home and abroad to set off the significance of your topic selection.
Question 8: How to write the background of the paper;
The results of the previous research, the current research status, and what special views do you have on this topic, why did you choose this topic, what objections do you have to the previous research results and views, or what deeper views do you have?
How to write the background of the title of the thesis >>
The results of the previous research, the current research situation, and what special views do you have on this topic? Why did you choose this topic? What are your objections to the previous research results and opinions, or what are your more in-depth views? ~ ~ ~ (I hope this answer is useful to you)
I. Title of the proposed thesis:
Second, the literature review and topic selection report requirements:
1. Cite no less than 10 foreign language documents, and write a written report on literature review and topic selection of more than 3,000 words.
2. The contents of the written report should include: the background and significance of the topic, the research trends at home and abroad, the main research work and basic framework of this paper, the main references, expected achievements and possible innovations.
3. Fill in the form of "Thesis Selection Report and Thesis Work Plan" and submit it together with the written report to the graduate school for the record;
4. See the annex for the format of the written report.
Three, the tutor's comments on the project report (evaluation of graduate students' understanding of the current research situation at home and abroad, research methods and means, expected results):
Four, the evaluation team's opinion on the topic (whether to agree with the topic, whether to agree with the topic report, and suggestions for the next stage of research work; Other suggestions, such as redoing the project report within a time limit, terminating the training proposal, etc. ): Fifth, the paper work plan.
Attachments of intransitive verbs (hereinafter referred to as attachments)
Suggested thesis title
First, the background and significance of the topic
Second, research trends at home and abroad
Third, the main research content and basic framework of the paper.
Four. Expected results and possible innovations
Verb (abbreviation of verb) main references
The above is the basic content of the thesis opening report. You can write a paper opening report according to the above items combined with the discussion topics of the paper!