We call the absolute accurate height of each tone in the musical system and the relationship between them temperament. The classification of temperament is formed in the long-term development of music practice. There are many types of temperament, the main widely known temperament are "pure temperament", "five-degree temperament" and "twelve-average temperament" Among them, the "law of twelve averages" is widely adopted by countries all over the world. Before Bach, the father of music, strongly advocated the twelve-average law, there were not only many scales in the west, but also the pure law system was used to divide intervals. Pure law means that the simpler the sound wave vibration ratio of two sounds, the more harmonious they sound and the less harmonious they sound. This is also a natural characteristic of human ears, so the acoustic vibration ratio of the so-called harmony interval in the early days is roughly as follows: complete first degree1:kloc-0/:2 complete fifth degree 2: 3 complete fourth degree 3: 4 large third degree 4: 5 small third degree 5: 6 large sixth degree 3: 5 small sixth degree 5: 8. To sum up, the most harmonious interval is of course the complete first degree. The vibration ratio must be strange. Although the pure law best meets the requirements of the human ear for bel canto, it can have very beautiful harmony and acoustic effects, but it is not very practical. Because such a proportion will be very troublesome because of tuning, for example, the tonic in C major is DO, so we should take DO as the starting point and determine the pitch of other sounds according to the proportion, but if we switch to G major, the pitch of all sounds will change slightly. Before the Baroque era, there was little modulation because the music form was simple, but with the music form becoming more and more complicated, pure law became a rather troublesome system. With the development of music, the shortcomings of pure law show that in order to solve this problem, the law of twelve averages came into being. Answer: The law of twelve averages: that is, an octave is divided into 12 equal intervals, each interval is defined as a semitone, and two semitones are a whole tone. B: The greatest advantage of the law of twelve averages is that no matter how you transpose and tune, you can get the same musical effect. But this is relative, because the twelve-average law divides an octave into 12 equal parts, so the vibration ratio between each semitone is an infinite decimal, so no matter which chord is played, it is impossible to get a truly completely harmonious musical effect, but the twelve-average law has little influence, and it is still a very good interval system. No matter how advanced MIDI is, it can't replace the performance effect of real people. The reason is that when a real person plays, the performer will judge the degree of interval and harmony with his own ears, which is usually close to pure law, but it can't be done in a computer. The fundamental reason is that the interval definition system is fundamentally different, but the difference is not too big. The smallest pitch distance in the organization of the twelve-tone average law of semitone and whole tone is called semitone. A tone whose distance between two tones is equal to two semitones is called a whole tone. There are twelve semitones in an octave, that is, six whole tones. Phones with the same pitch but different meanings and symbols are called isostones. Isophony is based on the law of twelve averages, because it is only possible to produce isophony if the semitones are equal. In fact, pentatonic scale law is a part of pure law, which stipulates that the frequency ratio of pentatonic scale is 2:3, and other intervals are generated by several pentatonic scales. Pentatonal scale, the suprapalace angle is positive feather (1 2 3 5 6 in notation), according to the definition of pentatonic scale, the order is palace → sign → quotient → feather → angle. Practice shows that the melody played according to the pitch of pentatonic scale is the most beautiful, and stringed instruments are typical instruments tuned according to pentatonic scale. The formal features of editing this piece of music are so closely related to people that the influence of different melodies on people has long been recognized by China traditional culture. Both Confucianism and Taoism in China have their own series of music. Confucius heard wonderful music-less music, "lingering sound" and "I don't know the taste of meat for three days"! Most of the famous Chinese songs are Taoist music. China's ruling classes in past dynasties closely linked music with "ceremony". Many of the "wind", "elegance" and "ode" in The Book of Songs were lyrics, which were accompanied by music at that time. China's feudal society also raised music to the level of reflecting public opinion in the world and governing the country in the drizzle. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Historical Records, Hanshu and Houhanshu all took pains to write the same similar "political motto" about music and governing the country: "Rule the voice of the world, and make peace; The voice of troubled times is angry, and its politics is also good; The voice of national subjugation is sad, and its political risk is also. All music is related to politics, and those who change customs are also. " Today, with the rise of China, classical music is also facing the problems of inheritance and development, reference and innovation, tolerance and autonomy. In the exploration of nationality and the world, excellent songs such as "butterfly lovers" and "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" have achieved the perfect orchestration of the combination of Chinese and Western cultures, and achieved good results in carrying forward the pure Chinese spirit. In terms of the combination of human nature and sociality, "Streaming Water" and "Nine Songs of the Yellow River" have all entered the elegant halls and become good works loved by experts and ordinary people. In exploring the individuality of musical instruments and the integrity of the band, Mei has achieved excellent results in The First Month, Fighting Tigers Up the Mountain and Liuyang River. In the combination of life and thought, The Yellow River Cantata and War Typhoon have undoubtedly become demonstration works. Dance of Yao Nationality and Train Entering Miao Village are successful works combining sensibility and intellectuality. In terms of innovation and exploration in form and technology, China Classical Band absorbed western musical instruments and expressions, and successfully combined western music, China and violin, including the harp, with traditional Chinese musical instruments such as Zheng, Xiao, Di, Ruan, Pipa and Erhu. Because these instruments can be connected with high notes in both China music and western music, they can be connected with a wide range of instruments in the future bass use. However, the suona in China music and the trumpet in western music are not very inclusive because of their distinctive personalities, and there are no successful works in the exploration of compatible combinations. Let's see if we can combine China suona with percussion instruments such as drums, gongs and cymbals, and combine western pianos, trumpets and steel drums to create some new styles of percussion instruments in China. And whether the oldest music in China, such as Sheng and Guqin, can be combined with western clarinet with the participation of Xiao and Di to create some new styles of China folk music and China ancient music. Strive to finally play the ancient music of China in front of many audiences and listeners without relying on audio equipment.