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Scum of the Sino-Japanese War
Wu Jia scum, the first Empress Dowager Cixi. Although the Empress Dowager Beijing did not directly direct the war; Although the powerful actual ruler of the Qing Dynasty did not order beiyang fleet to surrender, she was responsible for the cause and effect of the war and its tragic ending. This woman, born in 1835 and nicknamed Xing Zhen, entered the palace at the age of 17. Fortunately, she gave birth to the eldest son of Emperor Xianfeng, named Yifei and Yi Guifei. Surprisingly, she assisted Xianfeng in handling state affairs with her own intelligence, and she became Xianfeng. She is a capable wife. 186 1 year, Xianfeng died in Jehol, Cixi and Iraq. * * * launched a coup, and eight ministers of Fuzheng, headed by Su Shun, were uprooted. From then on, they monopolized power and became the actual ruler of the eldest empire. And everything he has done in the past few decades is for one purpose: to maintain his dominant position. To this end, she is mean and suspicious internally and constantly uproots dissidents; Sometimes, they put up with humiliation and lead a disgraceful life. Sometimes, they are blind and arrogant and try to be brave for a while. Before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, in order to celebrate her 60th birthday, she used naval funds to build the Summer Palace. As a result, since the establishment of Beiyang Navy, not a ship or even a bomb has been added. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, we reluctantly signed the most humiliating treaty of shimonoseki with Japan, which put a heavy burden on our nation. Cixi brought disaster to the country and people, not just the Sino-Japanese War, but the whole modern China; The American victims of Cixi are not only in Penghu and Taiwan Province Strait, but also in China and China. In the history of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, several people escaped from the war and took responsibility for the defeat, and were directly denounced as scum by later generations: Ye Zhichao, Fang Boqian and Kingyung Woo. Ye Zhichao, 1838 was born in Hefei, Anhui. In his early years, he followed Liu Mingchuan to suppress the Nian Army uprising, and made contributions to the company commanders, and was named "Hunbatulu". With the appreciation of Li Hongzhang, he became the governor of Zhili. 1In June, 1994, farmers in Dongxue Island of North Korea revolted, and the King of Korea asked the Qing government to send troops to help suppress it. The Qing court sent Ye Zhichao and Nie Shicheng, with 2,500 soldiers, from Shanhaiguan and Dagu Lake respectively, to North Korea by sea and stationed in Yashan. After the Qing army entered the DPRK, the Japanese government invaded the DPRK on the pretext of protecting the embassy and expatriates, and launched a coup on July 23rd, establishing a puppet regime headed by Li Zhanying. On the 25th, 4,000 Japanese troops attacked Yashan. Ye Zhichao and Nie Shicheng led the troops back to Huan. On July 29, the Japanese attacked, and Ye and Nie retreated to Pyongyang to meet them. Already in Pyongyang, * * * has twenty thousand troops. At this time, Ye Zhichao lied about the military exploits to the Qing court, boasted about the victory of Yashan, was rewarded by the Qing court, and was appointed as the president of Pyongyang's armies. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/5, the Japanese army launched a general attack on Pyongyang from all directions. Zuo Yong, who was sitting in the north gate, bravely killed the enemy and was unfortunately shot and killed. Ye Zhichao, who was afraid of death, panicked and led the troops to retreat hastily on a rainy night. He was ambushed by the Japanese in the middle. The Qing army suffered heavy losses, with dead horses everywhere, roads buried and streams dyed red. It's beyond description. Ye Zhichao led an army through southern Jiangsu, Suzhou, Anzhou, Yizhou and other places, and fled the Yalu River for 500 miles. Followed by the Japanese army, Ye did not set up a garrison near Linjiang, allowing the Japanese army to cross the river and invade our territory. After Ye Zhichao's defeat, due to incompetence, the military strength of China and Japan was almost the same, and the number of Qing troops even surpassed that of Japanese troops. But at this time, Ye Zhichao has no fighting spirit, neither attacking the South nor taking risks. On the contrary, he assembled most troops inside and outside Pyongyang and held high-level meetings with generals all day, waiting for the Japanese attack. Second, death. After Zuo's death, although the Japanese army captured the north gate, it repelled the Japanese attack on the Datong River and Wei repelled the Japanese attack on the southwest gate. This war is particularly promising. However, Ye

From 65438 to 0877, he studied with Yan Fu, Lin Yongsheng and Sa Zhenbing at the Royal Naval Academy in Greenwich, England. After returning to China, I worked as a teacher in the school after the ship administration, trained the ship in rotation, and managed the ship in Weiyuan. 1888, Beiyang navy officially became an army and served as commander of a distant ship. He is the only Beiyang Navy general who has experienced two naval battles in the Sino-Japanese War. The East Learning Party rose, and the Qing court sent troops to help suppress North Korea. Ding sent two ships, Jiyuan and Chaoyong, to escort Ye Zhichao and Nie Shicheng's troops to Yashan, with Ji as the captain. On the way back, Yufeng Island met the Japanese in the sea, and there was the battle of Akio Toyoda in the Sino-Japanese War. At the beginning of the war, Fang Boqian chickened out, ordered the white flag to be raised, and then hung the Japanese navy flag. The ship Yoshino was in hot pursuit. Jiyuan sailor Wang Guocheng and others spontaneously used the 150 mm tail gun and fired four shots at Yoshino, hitting three shots. Yoshino suddenly became angry. His bow was very low, so he didn't dare to move forward. Jiyuan was able to escape from the battlefield. His escape led to the capture, promotion and sinking of Cao Jiang, and nearly a thousand soldiers died in the Yellow Sea. After returning to Weihai, Fang Boqian lied about the meritorious military service, saying that he hit four points and killed the Japanese magistrate. /kloc-in September of 0/7, the Yellow Sea War, he escaped at a critical moment. At the height of the fighting, Deng Shichang drove his car into the unfinished business far away from the enemy and was sunk by a huge explosion. Fang Boqian ordered Jiyuan to escape from the fighting, and fled with Guang Jia, desperate on the way to escape. He will be hit hard by the Japanese ship and is trying to avoid the self-help Yangwei ship in shallow water. After that, Jiyuan did not take any remedial measures, but immediately retreated and quickly fled the battlefield, and Yangwei quickly sank. The escape of Jiyuan from the United States caused jing yuan to be surrounded by four Japanese pioneer ships. Jing yuan was outnumbered, China's artillery sank and Lin Yongsheng was killed. After returning to Lushun base, Fang Boqian reported that the bow of Jiyuan ship was cracked and the naval gun could not be fired. After driving back for repair, the remaining ships are still at war. Nearly four hours later, the fleet returned. After the war, Ding sent a telegram to Li Hongzhang: Jiyuan retired first, which led to the confusion of the team and then fled. You won't succeed if you don't do it strictly I can't let myself be a role model for the future. Therefore, Li Hongzhang wrote: Accusing Fang Boqian of getting cold feet is really cold feet. He should demand the immediate execution of the lieutenant to punish the army. In the early morning of September 24th, Fang Boqian was beheaded at the execution ground west of Jinshanxia Wharf in Lushun at the age of 4 1. To be fair, Fang Boqian should be the best of all senior officers in beiyang fleet. First, he is clever and wise. 13 years old, admitted to Fujian Ship Administration School. I went to study in England at the age of 23, which was the best at that time. During his stay in England, he was rated as the smartest and most experienced member of the navy by his English teacher. Guo Songtao, the Qing government's envoy to Britain, also said after meeting these students for the first time that apart from Yan Fu, Fang Boqian was the most free and talkative person. In addition, there are two things to explain: the first thing is to build Weiyuan Fort. When the Sino-French War broke out, Fang Boqian was ordered to lead Weiyuan ship to stay in Lushun. At this time, Fang Boqian proposed to build a fortress in a dangerous place in Lushunkou to ensure the safety of the military port. The party personally supervised the construction, and the fort was built, named Weiyuan Fort. This is the first modern coastal defense fortress designed and built by China people. It has five gun emplacements and the cost is only over 3000 taels. It was very popular then. The second thing, pre-war rules. Before the Sino-Japanese War, Japan's ambition was obvious. Fang Boqian wrote to Li Hongzhang and put forward five suggestions. There are two things related to naval warfare: one is to call a naval warship, which is strong when combined, but weak when divided. It is advisable to gather in one place as soon as possible before the war is broken. In the case of changing circumstances, if several ships are stationed in Incheon and Yashan, the port will be divided, J.

When Li Hongchu formed the Beiyang Navy, most of them were Fujian officers. Li didn't want his navy division to be controlled by outsiders, so he appointed Ding, who was not a navy division, as the navy division prefect. After Ding came to power, he was resisted and excluded by Fujian generals headed by Liu. In desperation, Ding had to rely on Deng Shichang and other non-Fujian officers and foreign consultants to deal with it. In this case, Fang Boqian is different from other Fujian generals. He not only has a harmonious relationship with officials in his hometown, but also takes a respectful and cooperative attitude towards Ding. He can satisfy both parties. Because of this, it has been well received by all parties and is constantly being reused. 1885, the Qing government ordered the German armored ships Dingyuan, Zhenyuan and cruiser Jiyuan to return to China. Fang Boqian was appointed as the captain of these three capital ships, Zhong Jiyuan. 1888, the Qing government proposed the establishment of Beiyang Navy, and Fang Boqian was transferred to Tianjin to participate in the compilation of the articles of association of Beiyang Navy. Only after the Beiyang Navy officially became an army was Fang awarded the rank of Chinese Army and was awarded the title of Jieyong Batulu in 189 1. Third, the spring breeze is infinite and the love field is proud. At the age of 23, Fang Boqian married Miss Xu Shi, who was engaged at home as a child. At the end of 1886, when he went back to his hometown to arrange his father's funeral, he took Li, who was only 19, as his concubine. 1889, he married Chen Wei when he was only 16 years old. 1890, he rented an apartment in Shanghai and married Mrs. Ge. Fang Boqian bought houses in Fuzhou, Yantai, Weihai, Lushun and Shanghai and enjoyed himself. These behaviors, even in this windy beiyang fleet, are outstanding. This is quite different from Deng Shichang's determination to run the army strictly by living alone on a boat for many years, without whoring, gambling, buying a house or concubinage. This rich, comfortable, colorful and prosperous personal life will inevitably affect his choice in the death battle. Fang Boqian said so much, mainly because the historical evaluation of him in the 1990s caused a storm in academic circles. Fang Boqian's performance and evaluation in the Sino-Japanese War have long been concluded by historians. However, in the 1990s, Ms. Fang's granddaughter set off a case of overthrowing her ancestors in her hometown of Fuzhou, Fujian Province, which caused an uproar. She ran around, collected comments from some historical researchers and naval personnel on Fang Boqian's different views, published papers, and tried to overthrow the historians' arguments. Two years ago, I bought a book "The Naval Family in Modern History of China", which was published by Knowledge Publishing House, bringing together the views of Ms. Fang and other parties. There are hundreds of articles, and I even invited a former central leading comrade to write the title of the book. Political circles and historians seem to have reached a new conclusion, that is, Fang Boqian, who is recognized as the chief culprit of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, was rehabilitated. But frankly, it is difficult for me, an amateur history lover, to overturn the other party's evaluation that historians fled the war. To evaluate historical figures, historical researchers should give objective and fair arguments based on sufficient historical facts and materials, which are neither false nor beautiful, nor hide evil. It is understandable that the descendants of some historical figures want everyone to re-evaluate the feelings of knowing others and judging ancestors, but it is not worth advocating to operate the history circle with some means and relationships. In some places, local historical figures are touted and praised because of local concepts, and their intentions and purposes are beyond the scope of historical research and should not be. At the same time, Fang Boqian escaped from the battle of the Yellow Sea, and Kingyung Woo, the leader of Guangzhou armored ship, took the lead. Kingyung Woo Fu Jian, born in Xiuning, Anhui Province, was born in 1864. 1874, the third batch of officials and students selected by the Qing government went abroad to study and were sent to the United States to study. After returning to China, he worked in Guangdong Navy and Beiyang Navy successively. When the Yellow Sea War broke out, Wu Ren was in charge of Guang Jia, Guang Jia and Jiyuan ships. Navy b

After the founding of the Republic of China, he served as the staff of the presidential palace, and 1924 was promoted to lieutenant general.