In the process of graduation thesis writing, drafting the first draft is the most important work, and it is also the most painstaking work. Although the first draft is only a blank of the article, it is the basis for further processing. Because it is the first draft, you can't make a move when writing.
What problems should be paid attention to in drafting the first draft?
First of all, think carefully and be careful to put pen to paper.
Graduation thesis is a "system engineering". Before you formally start writing, you should think about the article comprehensively and check whether all the preparatory work is fully prepared. First of all, we must clarify the theme. The theme is the commander-in-chief of the article, so you must think very clearly before writing. Liu Xizai, a Qing Dynasty man, said, "Every article can be summarized in one sentence. It's a thousand words when it's expanded, and a word when it's reserved. The so-called master is also. " The author should think about whether the theme of his article can be summarized in one sentence. If the subject is unknown, you should never start writing. Second, it is clear thinking. Train of thought is the thread and track of people's ideological progress and the internal foundation of structure. Before you start writing, you should think clearly about how to ask questions, how to analyze problems, how to solve problems and what materials to use. Third, establish a model. The so-called "pattern" is the framework, outline and outline of the full text. Think well before you start writing, such as how many parts the full text is divided into, what levels it has, what to say first, what to say later, where to be detailed and where to omit it, and have a general idea from beginning to end. Fourth, prepare the required materials and find all kinds of facts, data, quotations, etc. Keep it at hand, so as not to look for it when you use it and interrupt your thinking. Fifth, arrange the writing time and place. Writing requires a relatively concentrated time and a relatively quiet environment, so as to concentrate on completing the graduation thesis writing task.
The ancients said, "If you stand in front, you can learn from behind." Mr. Lu Xun once said, sit tight and learn by heart; Concentrate on your thoughts and wave your hand. If you are well prepared, you will write quickly. Some people don't pay attention to the preparation before writing, and they are eager to write when they only have a superficial understanding of the object they are writing. In the process of writing, they "design and construct", which makes the order upside down, messy, done or delayed, and the result is slow progress. Therefore, we should think carefully before drafting and be careful to put pen to paper.
Second, do it in one go, and don't focus on the "small section"
Be fully prepared before you start writing. Once you start writing, you should stick to it in one breath and take out the first draft in the shortest time. This is the secret of many writers. Some people like to chew words repeatedly when writing articles, think about words while writing, and stop to look up words that can't be remembered in the dictionary for a long time. In this way, it is easy to interrupt the train of thought. In fact, the first draft might as well be a little thicker, with some flaws in materials or words, as long as it has nothing to do with the overall situation. Don't change it for the time being. It's not too late to deal with it after all the first drafts are written. This is what Lu Xun did. In his letter to assists, he said:
The previous composition method of "going back ten steps and nine times" is very wrong, that is, you constantly don't believe in yourself-the result is definitely impossible. After setting the pattern in the future, continue to write, no matter what rhetoric, don't look back. Wait until you finish writing, put it for a few days, then look back, delete a few words and change a few words. On the way to creation, while refining words, I really want to interrupt my interest. When I translate, if I can't think of the right words, I will leave them in the blank and continue to translate. I will consider them in the future. Otherwise, you can stop most of the day because of one sentence. This is Lu Xun's experience, and it is also very enlightening for us to write our graduation thesis.
Third, do what should be done and stop at what should be done.
Su Wan, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, said when talking about his prose creation: "My prose is like a torrent, which comes out indiscriminately. Caring about the land, gurgling, although there is no difficulty in a day's work; And its twists and turns with rocks, shapes are everywhere and unknown. What is known often depends on what it does and often stops at what it can't. That's all. " (Wen Shuo) Su Wan was one of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His composition is like running water, elusive and beyond the reach of others. But his conclusion that "do what you should do, stop at what you can't stop" is universally applicable.
"Do what you should do" requires the author to be clear about what he should say when writing, regardless of pen and ink. For example, the background of an article, the ins and outs of a thing, the nature and characteristics of a thing, etc. If you are unfamiliar to the reader, you should make it clear and explain it clearly in the article, but you can't simplify it at will, which will damage the meaning of the article and lead to the defect of inaccurate carelessness.
"Stop at what you can't stop", that is to say, don't write one more word, but "cherish ink as gold". When you are in love, you are free and unrestrained, and you are unwilling to give up what you love. It is bound to be flourishing, lengthy and procrastinating, and even the problem of "writing a thousand words and pulling Wan Li" will appear.
Fourth, don't write hard if you can't write.
Lu Xun put forward eight rules for writing articles in the article "Answering the Question of Beidou Magazine", the second of which is: "If you can't write, don't write hard". This is very reasonable. There are various reasons why I can't write it: or I don't fully understand what I said, but I just stay on the surface and fail to go deep into its essence through the phenomenon; Or the problems discussed are not thoroughly analyzed, and they are not analyzed from different levels and angles, only one thing is not as good as the rest; Or the materials are not enough, or the theme, structure and language expression of the article are not well thought out, etc., which can make the article impossible to write.
"I can't write" only exposes the problems in my writing, which is not necessarily a bad thing. It shows that the preparatory work is not done well and the writing time is not mature. At this time, we should stop wisely, carefully analyze the reasons why we can't write, review all aspects of writing, and find out the crux of the problem. If it is a material problem, further materials need to be collected; If it is a question of cognition, we should re-recognize the writing object with Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method.
"Don't write hard" doesn't mean you can't write any more.