(Compendium of Materia Medica)

Different names: Hu Yan (Lei Gong's baking theory), Xuanhusuo (Fang Jisheng) and Yuanhusuo (medical significance).

The source is the tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo of Papaveraceae.

Plant morphology corydalis yanhusuo

Perennial herb, height 10 ~ 20cm. Tubers are spherical. The aboveground stems are short, slender and slightly fleshy, with 1 scales above the base. Basal leaves and cauline leaves are isomorphic and stalked; Cauline leaves alternate, with 2 rounds and 3 compound leaves, and the second round often divides incompletely and deeply. Leaflets are oval, oblong or linear, about 2 cm long, with obtuse or sharp tips and complete edges. Racemes, terminal or opposite to leaves; Bracts broadly lanceolate; Flowers reddish purple, transverse to slender pedicels, pedicels about 6 mm long; Calyx caducous; Petals 4 and 2 have slightly larger outer wheels, pink edges, blue-purple centers, upper 1, and longer tail, accounting for about half of the total length. The inner wheel is narrower than the outer wheel, the upper end is blue-purple, healed and the lower part is pink; Stamens 6, filaments connected into two bundles, each bundle has 3 anthers; Ovary oblate, style thin and short, stigma 2, like a small butterfly. Fruit is a kind of capsule. The flowering period is April and the fruiting period is May-June.

Born in the mountains, or cultivated. Distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Harvest and excavate when the stems and leaves wither in May and June. After digging, wipe off the floating skin, wash it, size it separately, blanch it with boiling water, turn it over at any time, take it out and dry it, and put it in a dry and ventilated place to prevent moisture and insects.

The dried tubers of medicinal materials are irregular oblate, with a diameter of 1 ~ 2 cm, a yellow or brownish yellow surface, a slightly concave stem mark in the middle of the top and a protrusion at the bottom. Hard and brittle, with yellow section, horny and waxy luster. Tasteless and bitter. It is best to be big, full, strong, yellow and bright inside. Those small ones, which are grayish yellow in color and white in the middle, are inferior.

Location: Zhejiang.

A corydalis tuber from Liaoning and Northeast China. This species was first captured in materia medica. For example, in Materia Medica, "Corydalis yanhusuo was born in Xi County, from Anton, with roots like Pinellia ternata and yellow color." In addition to the above varieties, there are also tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo and Corydalis dentata produced in Northeast China.

Suyan Lake, produced in Jiangsu, is a tuber of the same plant, with a diameter of 0.5 ~ 1.2 cm and a yellow to khaki surface. The section is yellow and white, powdery, with cracks or gaps in the middle, with poor quality and minimal output.

More than 10 alkaloids were extracted from the tuber of corydalis yanhusuo. Among them, corydalis yanhusuo, tetrahydropalmatine, levotetrahydrocoptisine, levotetrahydrotetrandrine, corydalis yanhusuo, β-chelidonine, coptisine, dehydrocorydalis yanhusuo and corydalis yanhusuo were identified.

The tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo in Northeast China contains many protoberberine alkaloids, including corydalis yanhusuo, tetrahydropalmatine, dehydrocorydalis yanhusuo, coptisine, tetrahydrocoptisine, tetrandrine, tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydropalmatine. It also contains protopine.

Corydalis yanhusuo contains protoberberine alkaloids, including corydalis yanhusuo, dehydrocorydalis yanhusuo, corydalis yanhusuo, tetrahydropalmatine, levotetrahydrocoptisine and coptisine. In addition, it also contains protoopioids, protoopioids, β -homochelidonine and volatile oil.

The tubers of Euphorbia humifusa contain protopine, L- tetrahydrocoptisine, Picolin, Suyanline A and Suyanline B. ..

Corydalis yanhusuo produced in North Korea contains protoberberine alkaloids: berberine hydrochloride, tetrahydrocoptisine, coptisine, tetrahydrocorydalis decumbens, tetrandrine and corydalis decumbens; Apophene alkaloids: Corydalis, Corydalis heterophylla, Corydalis nordica and papaverine; And protoopioids: protoopioids, β-high chelidonine. It also contains streptomycin, stigmasterol, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

Pharmacological action ① Effect on central nervous system

Analgesic effect: It has obvious analgesic effect, and its analgesic effect is about 1% of that of opium. Among various dosage forms, alcohol extract and vinegar fluid extract have the strongest effect, while vinegar preparation has the strongest toxicity, so it is best to use powder or alcohol extract in clinic. When the analgesic effect of morphine is 100, the total alkaloid of corydalis yanhusuo is 40, and the total alkaloid of tetrandrine is about 13. If the latter two drugs are used together, their analgesic effect is not enhanced, but weakened. Corydalis alkaloids, tetrahydropalmatine (or tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydropalmatine) and Corydalis yanhusuo all have obvious analgesic effects, the latter is the ugliest, the latter is the weakest, the latter has a higher analgesic index, the latter is the ugliest, and the latter is the worst, but not as good as morphine. Dysosma also has a weak analgesic effect. Rats can develop drug resistance to the analgesic effects of B and ochratoxin, but the production rate is about 1 times slower than that of morphine, and there is cross-resistance between them. Diwangwang, sedative and tranquilizing effect: Tetrahydroprotoxin A has obvious hypnotic effect on rabbits, dogs and monkeys in large doses, but the feeling still exists and it is easy to wake up. Dogs fall asleep within 5 ~ 20 minutes after subcutaneous injection, lasting about 80 minutes, and show certain drug resistance after repeated administration. Tetrahydropotetrandrine can inhibit conditioned reflex, but it has no obvious change in animal differentiation period and has no obvious effect on unconditioned reflex. This effect is similar to chlorpromazine and snake alkali. It can also prolong the hypnotic time of sodium hexabarbital, reduce the spontaneous and passive activities of mice, make the appearance of rabbits quiet, and turn brain waves into high-voltage slow waves. It can also resist the excitement of a small amount of amphetamine and reduce the toxicity of a large amount of amphetamine. It also has a certain taming effect on monkeys. In mice, it has no anti-terrorist effect, so it has some characteristics of tranquilizers. The sedative and sedative effects of Ugljin are not as good as those of tetrahydropalmatine and decane. Other effects: tetrahydropiperazine can make strychnine prone to convulsion, but it can inhibit the convulsion of pentylenetetrazol, but it can not prevent the occurrence of electroconvulsive, and can slightly cooperate with the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin sodium. It has mild central antiemetic effect on dogs and mild hypothermia effect on rats. Four-action principle: tetrahydroproterandrine can inhibit the electrical activity in cortex and subcortical, especially in the motor sensory area of cortex. However, it is proved that the drug has no direct effect on the cortex by directly smearing it on the cortex and isolating the cortex. Injecting drugs into the ventricle can produce sedative and hypnotic effects. Tetrahydroproterandrine can obviously inhibit the skin-induced arousal response, inhibit the evoked potentials of midbrain reticular formation and hypothalamus, and block some descending sexual functions of brainstem reticular formation. Therefore, it has a certain selective effect on subcortical structure. Chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine have similarities in the function of decreasing sexual function of brainstem reticular structure, but they also have different parts of action, so their functions are not completely consistent. Although it also inhibits the electrical activity of the spinal cord, it is not as obvious as the brain stem. Tetrahydropotetrandrine has no obvious effect on the content of 5- hydroxytryptamine in rat brain. The sedative effect of reserpine can be reversed to excitatory activity by monoamine oxidase inhibitor, but the sedative effect of tetrandrine is not affected by it, which indicates that it has different modes of action from reserpine. The effect of tetrahydropalmatine on the release of peripheral mediators after sympathetic ganglia is also different from that of reserpine and morphine. Its analgesic effect is similar to morphine, but there are also differences. The solution of the two drugs acted on the motor sensory area of rabbit cerebral cortex, which had no analgesic effect, indicating that there was no direct paralysis effect on the cortex. The gray matter around the third ventricle is sensitive to morphine, and morphine injection into the brain of mice has obvious analgesic effect, but these parts are not sensitive to tetrahydropalmatine. Therefore, tetrahydropalmatine is a new central inhibitor. Its analgesic selectivity is not as high as morphine, and its sedative effect is not as obvious as chlorpromazine, showing sedative and hypnotic effects. The effect is quick and obvious, and the time is easy to control. The relationship between chemical structure and action: the left and right optical isomers of tetrahydropalmatine have different effects, the left one has analgesic and sedative effects, but the right one does not; Both levorotatory and dextrorotatory optical isomers have synergistic effects on strychnine convulsion, but dextrorotatory optical isomers have obvious effects. Levosome is a central inhibitor, while dextrorotatory is the opposite, which has short-term excitatory effect.

According to the comparative study of 38 tetrahydropalmatine analogues, it can be seen that: a. tricyclic saturation is to ensure analgesia; Necessary conditions for sedation; B. When the mother nucleus is replaced by methyl or halogen elements, the effect will be weakened; C when the methoxy ether bond of tetrahydropalmatine is replaced by other alkoxy ether bonds or ester bonds, the effect is also weakened; D it is important to keep the integrity of the four rings of the female core. When the second ring and the third ring of the mother nucleus remain cyclic tertiary amine after separation, the efficiency is weakened. When the second and third rings communicate, this function disappears. When bicyclic, tricyclic or bicyclic, tricyclic and tetracyclic are simultaneously split into chain tertiary amines, the action properties change, and the central inhibitory effect is lost, resulting in short-term excitement. The chemical structure of tetrahydroberberine is very similar to tetrandrine, and it also has analgesic, sedative and sedative effects, but tetrandrine has stronger analgesic and hypnotic effects, while the latter has stronger sedative and sedative effects, which may be related to the appearance of methylenedioxy in the latter structure.

② Influence on gastrointestinal tract

Subcutaneous injection of tetrandrine has no obvious effect on gastric juice secretion, but a large amount of tetrandrine injection significantly reduces the total secretion of gastric juice, and the acidity and digestibility of gastric juice are also significantly reduced. Taking 10g corydalis yanhusuo soaking solution for healthy adults has little effect on gastrointestinal movement. There is no consensus on the reported materials about the interaction between different animals in vivo and in vitro.

Tetrahydropalmatine is proposed by corydalis yanhusuo, and contains dehydrocorydaline (DHC), d- corydaline, tetrahydropalmatine and proto-guanine (formerly known as glycerol). Hazelnut or DHC (subcutaneous injection) has obvious anti-gastric ulcer effect in rats, especially the ulcer caused by pyloric ligation and aspirin. Proto has a slight inhibitory effect on pyloric ligation ulcer, and tetrahydropalmatine has a slight inhibitory effect on hunger ulcer, but it has no effect on ulcer caused by reserpine. Hazelnut and DHC can inhibit the secretion of gastric juice. Its inhibitory effect on gastric juice secretion and anti-ulcer has nothing to do with blocking parasympathetic nerve, but may be related to the effect of catecholamine in vivo. Tetrahydropotetrandrine has obvious anti-5- hydroxytryptamine effect and does not increase the release of 5- hydroxytryptamine in rats.

③ Effect on endocrine glands.

Tetrahydroproterandrine can promote the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone in rat pituitary gland, and its action site may be in inferior colliculus. The mouse thymus atrophy method also proved that it has this effect. After continuous injection of tetrandrine, rats can tolerate or adapt to the secretion of ACTH, and obviously inhibit the release of ACTH caused by low temperature. Continuous injection can also increase the weight of thyroid abscess, indicating that it can also affect the function of thyroid. Subcutaneous injection every day has obvious inhibitory effect on estrous cycle in mice.

④ Absorption, distribution and excretion.

Ptetrandrine was absorbed rapidly and completely in mice after oral administration, and mainly distributed in lung, liver and kidney after subcutaneous injection 1 hour in rats. Moustache and fat, but the content of heart, blood and brain is less, so the content of internal organs decreases, but the content of fat increases. Rabbits can easily enter the brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier when injected intravenously, and the content in cortex is similar to that in thalamus-midbrain, and the duration is similar. However, the content in brain decreased rapidly and was lower than that in blood after 2 hours, which may be the reason why the curative effect of tetrandrine was not lasting. Few rabbits excrete urine and feces in the original form within 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection. Its transformation in vivo is not clear (determined by methyl orange method), but it has no obvious effect on blood pressure and electrocardiogram of drunken cats.

There was no obvious toxicity by gavage of tetrahydropalmatine 85 or110 ml kg or subcutaneous injection of 80 mg/kg to monkeys. When they were given tetrahydropalmatine 180 mg/kg, they first experienced short-term excitement, followed by severe post-inhibition, extreme sedation and deep hypnosis, and they did not lose their senses. Then limb tremor and paralysis occurred, and ECG and breathing were normal. If you take 85 mg/kg every day for ***2 weeks, besides sedation and hypnosis, muscle tension, limb tremor and urinary catheter type will appear on the 4th to 7th day. Pathological anatomy showed no obvious changes in internal organs, and biopsy showed mild turbidity and swelling of heart and kidney.

The total alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo have analgesic effect, which excites the isolated uterus of rats in a small amount and inhibits and antagonizes the excitatory effect of acetylcholine in a large amount. It also has synergistic sedative effect with pentobarbital sodium. The lethal dose to mice is oral 18.54 g crude drug /kg, and subcutaneous injection is 6.24 g crude drug /kg, which is more toxic than Corydalis yanhusuo and has a smaller curative effect index.

An alkaloid monomer named corydalis yanhusuo was proposed. It has a strong convulsive effect on frogs, rats, cats and rabbits, and the form of convulsion ranges from clonic attack to tonic type. Convulsion is the result of acting on the whole central nervous system, but the center above the spinal cord is more sensitive. Subconvulsive dose slightly increased blood pressure in anesthetized rabbits and cats, and respiratory excitement only appeared after convulsive dose. Phenobarbital sodium can significantly reduce the death rate of convulsion, while trimethyldiketone has a weak effect and phenytoin sodium is ineffective.

The wild corydalis yanhusuo in Chengde special area is Corydalis dentata and its variety Corydalis lineata and a small amount of Corydalis pectinata. According to chemical analysis, it contains corydaline, tetrahydropalmatine and uglin, but does not contain protopine, β-chelidonine and tetrahydrocoptisine, but bichurin exists.

The total alkaloids have analgesic effect, which can stimulate the isolated uterus of rats in a small amount and inhibit it in a large amount, and have the effect of antagonizing acetylcholine to excite the uterus. The median lethal dose of total alkaloids to mice was 125.3 g crude drug /kg, while that of corydalis yanhusuo produced in Zhejiang was 36.59 g crude drug /kg. The safety range of the two drugs is similar when taken orally, and Chengde is smaller when injected subcutaneously.

Processing of Rhizoma Corydalis: removing impurities, soaking in water, cleaning, selenium drying, moistening until the internal and external humidity is uniform, slicing or crushing. Vinegar corydalis yanhusuo: take clean corydalis yanhusuo and mix well with vinegar. Soak until the vinegar is completely absorbed, put it in a pot and fry it with slow fire until it is slightly dry, take it out and let it cool; Or cleaning Rhizoma Corydalis, adding vinegar, boiling in a pot until the vinegar is completely absorbed, drying, taking out and cooling. (per yuan Hu 100 Jin, add 20 Jin of vinegar)

The taste is hard and warm.

(1) sea medicine herbs: "Bitter and sweet, non-toxic."

② "Kaibao Materia Medica": "pungent, warm and nontoxic."

Meridian tropism enters the liver and stomach meridians.

(1) Herbal soup: "It begins with the Taiyin Sutra."

(2) Compendium of Materia Medica: "Entering the Taiyin Spleen and Lung, a cloud passes through the liver meridian."

③ Description of the nature of drugs processed by Lei Gong: "Into the heart, lungs, spleen and stomach."

Its main functions are promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, regulating qi and relieving pain. Treat waist and knee pain, irregular menstruation, abdominal mass, abdominal depression, postpartum blood halo, lochia and traumatic injury.

(1) Lei Gong's theory of baking: "Treat heartburn and die."

② "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Expelling wind, treating qi, warming waist and knees, breaking disease addiction, removing blood stasis, preventing miscarriage and sudden low back pain."

3 "Kaibao Materia Medica": "The main blood is broken, and postpartum diseases are caused by blood." The woman's menstruation is irregular, her abdomen is caked, and she leaks when she collapses. After giving birth, she had blood flow, and the blood surged upward. Because of blood loss, she was smeared with wine and cooked. "

④ The Origin of Medicine: "Treating qi stagnation of spleen and stomach, diarrhea due to fatigue and cold, heart and abdominal pain, reducing qi and promoting digestion."

⑤ Outline: "Promoting blood circulation, benefiting qi, relieving pain and inducing diuresis."

Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan; I still took the pills and dispersed them.

It is advisable for pregnant women to avoid it.

① Pinhui Essence: "Do not take it during pregnancy."

(2) Classic of Materia Medica: "Premenstrual period and all blood heat are diseases and should be prohibited by law."

③ Herbal Zheng Zheng: "It is not good for those with postpartum blood deficiency or menstrual blood deficiency, but not for those with qi deficiency and pain."

Folk prescription ① Treatment of heartburn due to heat can stop, but it will not heal for a long time. The body is hot and the feet are cold: Hu Xuansuo (peeled) and Jin Lingzi meat are the same. To end it. Two yuan for each serving of warm wine or white soup. (Sheng Huifang)

② Treatment of diarrhea and abdominal pain: San Qian yanhusuo, taken after meals, can relieve pain and adjust well. (summary)

③ Treatment of cough and asthma: 70% of Rhizoma Corydalis processed with vinegar and 30% of dried alum. * * * Grinding into fine powder. Three times a day, one yuan each time. (Selected Works of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Folk Prescriptions, Preparations and Cultivation in Shenyang)

(4) Women in the treatment room suffer from blood gas pulsation, abdominal tingling, leading to heartache, scanty menstruation, or irregular menstruation, leading to pain: corydalis (peeled with vinegar); One or two angelica (reed removed, wine slightly fried) and two oranges. The top is fine powder, and the rice paste cooked with wine is a pill, which is as big as a plane tree. Take 70 capsules each time, add to 100 capsules, or drink rice with hollow wormwood soup. ("Fang Jisheng" Sanshen Pill)

⑤ Treatment of postpartum lochia and abdominal pain: at the end of Yuanhu, warm wine will adjust the money. (Sheng Huifang)

⑥ Treatment of falling horses and horses, the pain in bones and muscles is not limited: one or two corydalis. Tame Jing Luo into powder, regardless of time, and adjust the money with bean wine. (Sheng Huifang)

⑦ Treatment of traumatic injury: fry Hu Xuan and grind it into fine powder. Take it with boiling water for one to two yuan each time, or add appropriate amount of yellow wine. (Selected data of one-sided folk prescription survey)

⑧ Treatment of hernia crisis: Rhizoma Corydalis (fried with salt) and exhaustion (detoxified) are equally divided. Finally, each service is half a dollar, under the hollow salt wine. (Ren Zhai Zhi Fang)

Pet-name ruby Treatment of colic in children: Rhizoma Corydalis and Fructus Foeniculi are equally divided. Stir-fry, drink hollow rice, measure and dress. ("Healthy Simple Prescription")

Attending to cure headache: seven tablets of Rhizoma corydalis, two tablets of indigo naturalis and two tablets of tooth soap (peeled). Finally, water and pills are as big as almonds. Every time water is mixed with a pill and poured into the patient's nose, it will spit it out. (Lei Yong Zhong Fang)

⑾ Treatment of urine and hematuria: one or two corydalis tuber, seven and a half yuan is simple effect. For the end, four yuan each time, decocted in water. (The Living Book of Class Evidence)

⑿ Cough. Use one or two yuan Hu and seven and a half yuan of mirabilite to grind into powder. Two yuan each time, one piece of soft candy, and the medicine is swallowed in one gulp.

[13] hematuria. Use one or two yuan Hu and seven and a half yuan of mirabilite to grind into powder. Four yuan each time, decocted in water.

[14] subcutaneous gas pain or gas lump pain. Grind Rhizoma Corydalis, cut 1 pig pancreas into small pieces, and eat at any time after moxibustion and hot soaking.

⒂ suffering from heartache for a long time, the body is cold and hot. Divide Rhizoma Corydalis (peeled) and Jin Lingzi meat into powder. Two yuan each, with warm wine or boiled water.

[14] Diarrhea and abdominal pain. San Qian sent it down with yuanhu and rice soup.

⒄ Female blood gas before (irregular menstruation, abdominal tingling). With corydalis yanhusuo (peeled, fried in vinegar), angelica sinensis (soaked in wine, fried) and orange peel, grind into powder, cook rice paste with wine, and make into meatballs, which are as big as five pills. Take 100 capsule each time, take it in a hollow, and take it with vinegar soup.

⒅ Postpartum diseases (unclean blood, postpartum blood halo, abdominal stalk, insufficient cold and heat, fever in hands and feet, etc.). ). Stir-fry with Rhizoma Corydalis, finely grind, two yuan each time, and send the wine down, which is very effective.

Trick hernia yuanhu (salt fried) scorpion (detoxified raw) powder. Half a dollar each, hollow clothes, salt and wine.

⒇ Pain in the waist and body. Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Cortex Cinnamomi are equally divided into powder. Three or four yuan each time, warm wine to send.

(2 1) Deviation and positive headwind. Seven tablets of Rhizoma Corydalis, two tablets of Indigo Naturalis and two tablets of Gleditsia sinensis (peeled and peeled) were grinded into powder, and each pill dripped like an apricot. Take one pill with water at a time and pour it into your nose. For half-headed delivery, inject the medicine into the nostril on the painful side. At the same time, make the patient bite a copper coin, and when a large amount of saliva flows out, the disease will gradually recover.

Clinical application ① It is used to relieve pain.

Corydalis yanhusuo has good analgesic effect and can treat many kinds of cancers. In clinical application, apart from polyjuice potion and grinding powder, tetrahydropalmatine was also extracted for analgesia. The following two diseases have been systematically observed in clinic. Leprosy neuralgia: 3 yuan daily, decocted with wine, ground and decocted, with 7 days as a course of treatment. 43 cases were observed. After taking the medicine for 24 days, 13 cases of pain disappeared and 25 cases were relieved. The effect is more obvious when you first use it. If it is made into ointment and applied to the affected area, it can also relieve pain, but it is not as obvious as oral administration: tetrandrine 50 mg, three times a day (or 100 ~ 150 mg). 44 cases were treated, with marked effect 14 cases and symptom relief 18 cases. The analgesic effect began after 10 minute and lasted for 4 ~ 24 hours. Side effects include decreased menstruation, drowsiness, dizziness and headache.

② Used for local anesthesia.

0.2% corydalis yanhusuo injection was used to extract local anesthesia, * * * 105 cases were operated in outpatient department, and 98 cases (93.4%) had satisfactory results (no reaction during skin incision, no pain during operation, and the operation could be successfully completed); 6 cases (5.7%) were poor (mild pain during operation, but the operation could be completed); 1 case (0.9%) failed. After follow-up, most incisions can be expected to heal, and only 1 case (bursitis resection) has delayed wound healing. Some patients have a long postoperative analgesia time; Two children (six fingers amputated) fell asleep after the injection. No adverse reactions and side effects were observed. Usage and dosage: All patients were given local infiltration anesthesia. According to the surgical site and requirements, the dosage should be increased or decreased as appropriate, with a minimum of 6 mg and a maximum of 90 mg. Among them, 5 cases added 1 ~ 2 drops of epinephrine injection to enhance the anesthetic effect.

Remind you: corydalis yanhusuo, a traditional Chinese medicine, comes from the Internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before use.