As one of the basic industries, the healthy and sustainable development of the construction industry has a key impact on the national economy. Over the years, with the deepening of reform and the rapid development of market economy, the construction industry has also developed rapidly. With the rapid development of the construction industry, many problems have been exposed, and the quality of construction projects, especially residential projects, has become one of the focuses of attention. With the development of national economic system reform, the construction industry is undergoing earth-shaking changes. In the modern construction industry and real estate market, only by producing qualified products that meet the needs of customers can we be in an invincible position in the market competition and take the road of sustainable development of enterprises. The economic benefits of enterprises are influenced by many factors, but the most important thing is product quality and quality management. Especially in the construction industry, construction products are different from ordinary products, and their quality is related to national security and social stability, which has always been the focus and hot spot of social concern.
2. Common problems in the management of construction projects
(1) The implementation of the project legal person system is not clear. At present, the construction investment and operation subjects of many projects present diversified forms. Some projects are operated by legal persons from project financing to construction management, operation and loan repayment; Some are financing to build one unit, and operating or repaying loans is another unit.
(2) The design quality is unqualified. Some engineering units have affected the construction quality and progress due to many factors such as the qualification or mistakes of the engineering design department, which will cause irreparable losses to the project.
(3) The quality control in the construction process and completion stage is not in place. In the process of engineering construction, not for every
Control a construction link, resulting in some engineering quality problems, but in the project completion stage, the project quality acceptance is not serious and responsible.
3. The principle of engineering construction quality management
Quality control in any project construction process is to ensure that the project can meet the contract requirements. In order to make the project meet the contract requirements, a series of inspection and monitoring measures, means and methods should be adopted. However, while taking a series of measures, we should also follow the following principles [1]: First, adhere to the principle of quality first; (2) Adhere to the people-oriented principle; (3) Adhere to the principle of putting prevention first; (4) Adhere to the principle that quality should reach the standard and everything should be based on data.
4. Optimization of engineering quality control
Quality control of engineering projects, as the name implies, is to adopt all operating techniques and activities to achieve the engineering quality standards stipulated in engineering documents, which mainly include engineering contracts, design documents and technical specifications. Therefore, the purpose of project quality control is highly consistent with the provisions of the contract and other engineering documents. From the perspective of the whole project, the factors that may affect the quality of the project will run through the whole process of the project, so from the time point of view, quality control can be divided into three stages: before construction, during construction and after construction. There are many factors that affect the engineering quality, such as people, construction equipment and materials, construction methods, etc., which may affect the engineering quality to varying degrees. Therefore, from the control object, quality control can be manifested as the control of people, mechanical equipment, construction materials and construction methods.
Quality control before construction, also known as prior control, refers to the control of factors that may affect the quality of the project in the preparatory stage before construction. Prior control is related to the quality of the whole project. Making a comprehensive quality plan requires the close cooperation of the construction unit, construction unit and supervision unit. The control contents are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, before making the quality plan, we should investigate the project, strictly control the design quality, and strictly review the quality behavior of the contractors. Secondly, the construction materials, mechanical equipment, construction methods and construction technology of the project are strictly reviewed; Then the construction environment and conditions should also be reviewed and controlled; Finally, organize design disclosure and blue prints.the design, issue quality standards to various construction departments, and do a good job in public relations.
Control in construction, also known as process control, refers to the management activities of each working procedure that affects the construction quality in the construction process, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the construction quality, which is the key part of engineering quality control. The control focus mainly includes the following points:
(1) Strengthen process quality control. The construction process is the basic unit of the on-site construction project. By strengthening the quality control of each process, the quality of construction technology and materials is mainly controlled, so that the construction quality of each basic unit of the project can meet the requirements of construction specifications, thus ensuring that the construction quality of the whole project is in a controllable state.
(2) Quality pre-control. According to the characteristics of the project, set up quality control points and do a good job in pre-control of quality management. In particular, it is necessary to control the important construction parts and weak links in the construction, and formulate corresponding preventive measures to prevent quality problems that affect the construction quality during the construction.
(3) Quality inspection during construction. Quality management personnel should regularly check the quality of on-site construction, solve quality problems in time, ensure the construction quality and avoid affecting the construction period; On-site construction quality inspection methods mainly include observation method, instrument measurement method and test method. Adhere to the three inspection systems of "self-inspection, mutual inspection and handover inspection", strengthen the acceptance of concealed works during construction, and strictly control the quality acceptance.
(4) Handling of quality problems. The treatment of construction quality problems should be: general quality problems should be dealt with in time so as not to affect the construction progress; For serious quality problems, the construction of this process should be suspended, and a feasible written technical treatment plan should be prepared. After being submitted to the supervision unit for approval, it should be rectified according to the technical scheme and effective preventive measures should be formulated to prevent similar quality problems from happening again. After the rectification and acceptance, the construction of the next procedure can be carried out.
Post-construction control mainly refers to the evaluation and appraisal of the results of quality activities after the construction is completed, so as to correct the quality deviation and summarize the successful quality control experience.
According to the control object, the quality of the project is also controlled by people. It is mainly to fully mobilize people's subjective initiative and enthusiasm and improve the overall quality and leadership level of the leading group, which is the key to improve the quality of work and engineering. The skills and knowledge of construction managers, team leaders and operators should meet the requirements of engineering quality for personnel quality. Personnel engaged in special types of work and key processes must hold relevant certificates.
5. Play a supervisory role.
Entrusted by the project legal person, the supervision unit shall supervise and manage the project construction according to the relevant documents, laws and regulations approved by the state and various construction contracts. The Construction Law stipulates that before the implementation of construction project supervision, the construction unit shall notify the supervised construction enterprise in writing of the entrusted project supervision unit, supervision content and supervision authority. Although no economic contract was signed between the supervision unit and the contractor, the supervision unit signed a supervision contract with the owner. According to the authorization of the owner, the supervision unit has the right and obligation to supervise and manage the contractor to perform the project construction contract. There is no direct relationship between the contractor and the owner, but communication with the supervision unit on various matters. The contractor needs to accept the supervision and management behavior of the supervision unit, so as to standardize the contractor's various construction activities.
In the construction process of the construction unit, the supervision engineer can realize the function of supervision and management through indirect ways such as auditing relevant documents and statements, or through direct ways such as on-site inspection and testing. Under normal circumstances, supervision is mainly carried out through parallel supervision. On-site supervision refers to the supervision activities in which supervisors track the construction quality of key parts and key working procedures in the whole process during the construction stage of construction projects. The Ministry of Construction has relevant documents that specifically stipulate that the key parts and key processes of housing construction must be supervised by the side.
6. Concluding remarks
In a word, project quality management is a complex system involving many aspects, which determines the difficulty of project quality management. It can be seen that the quality management of the project must not be taken lightly. An effective project quality management system must be established and cover the whole process of each project construction. Only in this way can we ensure the continuous improvement of engineering quality level and make the quality management of construction engineering no longer an empty talk.