Judging from Jing's creative experience. The earliest records can be found in Zhou Li.

Chun Guan: "Master ... teaches six poems: Yue Feng, Yuefu, Yuebi and Lexing.

The crescent moon in Song Yue. Later, Preface to Mao Poetry was also called "Six Poems".

"Six Meanings": "So poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, and the third is comparison.

Four words for prosperity, five words for elegance, and six words for praise. "Shi Mao Justice" by Confucius in Tang Dynasty.

Explain: "wind, elegance and praise are variations of this poem;" Fu, bi,

Different discourses in the text of "The Poem" by Walker. ..... Fu, Bi and Xing are one of the poems.

Use, style, elegance and praise are the formation of this poem. Do these three things with those three things.

Things, so it is justified. It is generally believed that "style, elegance and praise" are

On the classification of the content of The Book of Songs: "Fu, Bi and Xing" refers to it.

Expression.

After the theory of "Fu, Bi and Xing" was put forward, it has been more than two thousand years since the Han Dynasty.

In recent years, many scholars have studied and discussed it, but in terms of specific understanding,

There are always different views on knowledge and explanation.

Interpretation of Fu, Bi and Xing in Han Dynasty "Fu, Bi and Xing" were explained in Han Dynasty.

Zheng Zhong and Zheng Xuan are the most representative, which have great influence on later generations.

Two families. Zheng said to everyone: "comparison is like one thing ... people who make a fortune rely on things."

(Quoted from Justice in Mao Poetry) He compared the technique of "Bixing" with the outside world.

Things are related to images, and "comparison" is regarded as a rhetorical comparison between one thing and another.

Metaphorically speaking, "xing" means "getting up", that is, relying on "plants, birds and animals to see"

A meaningful skill. Although the discussion is relatively simple, it is still grasped on the whole.

"Bixing" is the characteristic of artistic thinking and artistic expression. Zheng Xuan's solution

Different interpretations, he thinks: "The biography of Fu Zhi is the direct biography of good and evil in politics and religion today."

Comparison, seeing today's loss, dare not criticize, take analogy. Xing, see you today.

Beauty is suspected of flattery, and goodness is useful for persuasion. "("Shi Mao Justice "cited) this.

Besides talking about the characteristics of "Fu", it is a question of expression and comparison.

In addition to reality, other explanations are related to politics, education and beauty.

Come to think of it, it needs some kind of expression skills as the characteristics of a particular style.

Sign, not far-fetched The Book of Songs in Mao Zhuan and Jian Zheng

This explanation is often found in straightforward poems, leaving the artistic image.

For example, the love poem Guan Ju.

Said to show that "the queen's words are the virtue of a gentleman" and so on, and this kind of "Fu,

There is a direct relationship between the misinterpretation of "comparing prosperity". So Kong Ying later

Da disagreed with Zheng Xuan's statement that "Bi Xing" is a "beauty thorn", pointing out that:

"In fact, there are beautiful thorns." ("Shi Mao Justice" However, Zheng

Xuan regards "Bi Xing" as the height of ironic beauty and treats the Tang Dynasty's

Ang and Bai Juyi's theory that "beauty is not as good as happiness" is enlightening.

Yes

Discussion in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties During the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was discussed that "Fu,

The main representatives of Bi Xing are Zhi Yu, Liu Xie and Zhong Rong. Zhiyuji

Inherited Zheng Zhong's point of view, he thought: "The giver is also called Chen; Comparison, metaphor

The words of class are also; Excited people have feelings. "("Literature and Art Collection "Volume 5)

16) His attitude towards Han Fu is not "based on emotion", but "based on things".

"Ben", extremely luxurious and gorgeous, made a sharp criticism. "Fu"

The expression of "reason" has been widely used and developed in the creation practice of Han Fu.

Exhibition, thus forming a unique style, which is on the one hand; But the other side

Surface, but also caused a considerable number of Han Fu dedicated to paving-describing the palace.

The beauty of the room, the prosperity of hunting and so on. , so that the lack of profound and meaningful ideas.

Rong. Zhiyu's criticism of Han Fu hit the nail on the head. Due to a large number of Han fu

The use of figurative rhetoric can easily make people mistake "Fu" for "Bi".

There is a close relationship, and it seems that it has nothing to do with "xing", so Liu Xie is talking about Korea.

Fu called it "everyday life is almost the same, forget about fun, learn small and abandon big", and the result is

Beatty the Cloud Dog and Xingyi Wu Pin (Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing).

In fact, the "comparison" mentioned here is the "comparison" in Fu. Because of this

One reason is that lyric poetry in ancient China is far more developed than narrative poetry.

People sometimes use a small "blessing" to mark "Bi Xing" and summarize it with "Bi Xing".

The "triple meaning" of poetry.

Liu Xie's exposition on Bi Xing was influenced by Mao Zhuan and Jian Zheng.

The far-fetched influence of the attached poem, as he said, "Guan Yu is different, so it is later."

Fei fangde; "Corpse dove" (referring to "Zhao Nan Que Nest") is true, so the lady is like this.

Yi "("Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing ") and so on. But he also inherited Zheng.

Many people's opinions, and made further play, think: "than, attached also;" Promote/start/get up/maybe/last name/interest

Who, too. Those who are attached to the principle refer to things, while those who are emotional give priority to suggestions. love

Therefore, the development of the body is based on principle, and the proportion of causes is based on life. "And the" than "requirement.

It's "write attached meaning, □ cut to the chase". This sums up "Bi Xing"

As a feature of artistic thinking and expression. He also pointed out that "the poet Bi Xing,

Touch things and have a round view. "In other words," Bixing "thinking and techniques must be based on

On the basis of observing and feeling external things. These opinions are very strong.

It is desirable.

After Liu Xie, Zhong Rong's exposition of "Fu, Bi and Xing" has been further improved.

A lot of new content. He said: "the text has done its best, but it is also prosperous; Cause metaphor

Chi, than also; Straight book, fable writing, fu also. "Emphasize" Xing "

The characteristics of "writing is full of meaning" should be poetic or "taste"

(Preface to Poetry), thus combining the special touching function of art with art.

The characteristics of thinking performance, which is an obvious progress and communication.

A breakthrough in unification. Because of this, some people later adhered to the traditional concept.

People not only deny Zhong Rong's contribution, but also criticize it, such as

Said he was "Xie Bixing, excellent with Shixun" (Huang Kan's Wen Xin Diao Long).

Remarks "); ""(li jinxi's "rhetoric", Bi Xing said not clearly.

") and so on. It is particularly noteworthy that Zhong Rong also correctly pointed out that "Fu,

"Bi", "Xing" and "Three Meanings" have their own characteristics and strengths, which cannot be separated.

Treatment and use. He said: "If you are committed to comparison, you will be deeply concerned and interested."

Word is fast. If you use fu, you will suffer from floating heart, while floating heart will make your writing loose and flowing.

There is no end to the text, and there is a kind of rambling fatigue. "Therefore, he asked for a combination of the three.

Dragon: "Hong Si San Yi, use it as appropriate, do it with the wind, and moisten it.

It is the ultimate goal of poetry to make the tasters infinite and the listeners tempted. "("Poetry "

Preface is a really good poem, which can use both "Bi Xing" and "Yi".

It is deep and obscure, and it can't be "shallow" and complicated just by "fu".

Only by combining the advantages of the three and making proper use of them can we move people's hearts and "make them taste"

Promise. "Zhong Rong this view is undoubtedly correct. Writing poetry should put things

If the feelings are clearly written and can be understood by readers, it is essential to use the method of "fu".

At the same time, poetry should express feelings, gallop imagination, infect readers and be sought after by others.

Taste, indispensable to the use of "Bixing" approach. Zhong Rong's Red Silk Scattering

Righteousness, use as appropriate "and" the text is exhausted but the meaning is more than enough "are symbols.

It conforms to the artistic law of poetry creation and has a great influence on later poetry theory.

Discussion of Tang and Song Dynasties —— The discussion of "Bi Xing" by critics in Tang Dynasty,

With the new development, it is not only regarded as a means of expression, but also endowed with

This paper introduces the content requirements of American satire. This has something to do with what Zheng Xuan said.

Yes Zheng Xuan, on the other hand, used the beauty of politics and religion to explain the far-fetched attachment.

The Original Meaning of "Xing" and the Book of Songs: People in the Tang Dynasty used "Bi Xing".

To express their creative ideas, emphasizing that poetry should play an ironic role.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions's role is not far-fetched. On Liu Xie and Zhong Rong

On "Bi Xing", sometimes it involves content, such as "poetry" mentioned by Liu Xie.

The stab of Tao leads to the death of form and meaning ("Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing"), Zhong Rong

The so-called "Xing Qi" and "Qingyuan" (in the volume of Poetry) and so on.

Critics in the Tang Dynasty further called Bi Xing as Chen.

Zi Ang criticized Qi Liang's poetic style, saying that "although it is beautiful and complicated, it must not be published" ("Xiuzhu")

Preface ",yuan zhen criticized the early tang dynasty" shen, song, don't send xing "("Syria poetry

Send a happy gobbledygook "), and think your poem is" a little interesting "("into the poem

Form ") and so on. The so-called "Jixing" is also "Bi Xing". Chen Ziang again.

He said, "Can Fu be comparable to Xing, without saying anything?" (Xi (Jia) Ma)

Yin □ also criticized Qi Liang's poetic style and said, "Reason is not there."

Foot, words are often redundant, extremely prosperous, but expensive and light. "("He Yue Ying Ling ")

The preface to Collection says "Bi Xing", that is, "Xing". It can be seen that the Tang people

On "Bi Xing", most of them focus on the irony of beauty. Liu Zongyuan is very clear

Clearly pointed out: "It is better to promote satire than to promote others." ("Wen Yang"

Bai Juyi even used "beauty stimulates prosperity" as a phrase.

Use, for example, "Anyone who is comfortable with beauty, ...

It is called satire. "("Nine Books with Yuan ") They marked" or "

"Bi Xing" emphasizes that poetry should have social content and play a social role, which

It has played a positive role in promoting the healthy development of Tang poetry.

Scholars in Song Dynasty made a thorough study of "Fu, Bi and Xing".

Ouyang Xiu in The Original Meaning of Poetry and Bian Shi are all interested in Korea.

The tendency of Confucian criticism to penetrate poetry. It is particularly noteworthy that

Li and Zhu's explanation of "Fu, Bi and Xing" is of great significance to later generations.

Have a great influence. Li said: "Narration is endowed with emotion,

The tired are also; Seeking the ratio of things is expression, and those who attach things to feelings are also; Touch something and get up.

Emotion is prosperous, and things are emotional. "("Hu Yin Highlights and Li Shuyi ")

Book) From the perspectives of "narration", "exploration" and "touching".

Degree to explain "fu, ratio, xing". The so-called "narrative" is not just a kind of

The problem of "telling the truth" must also be combined with "romance" to make it a work.

Show the writer's emotion and objective image incisively and vividly. this is

Compared with the traditional interpretation, this is a progress and more in line with poetry creation.

In order to meet the expression requirements of "Fu", so as to discuss the "Fu" of later generations.

This research has had a positive impact. Among the few ancient narrative poems,

There are also such examples. For example, 1745 narrative poem Peacock flies southeast.

Flying south, except for the first two sentences, "Peacock flies southeast and wanders five miles".

Except for "Xing", the whole article adopts the style of "Fu", and the narrative is vivid and vivid.

As Shen Deqian said, "The idea of dripping water is repetitive and miscellaneous."

Describing a dozen people in Chinese, each Mix's voice is just a pen of chemical engineering! "

(The origin of ancient poetry) Later, it was like Mulan's poem in the Northern Dynasty and Du Fu's "The Story of the Stone".

Hao Li, Bai Juyi's Charcoal Man, etc. , there is also a method of "Fu"

Show similar characteristics. The so-called "asking for things" means asking for and choosing things.

Entrusting feelings is not only a rhetorical question of metaphor, but also a necessity.

Put the author's deep affection in metaphor. Such a "proportional" method, since

But it will have artistic appeal and will not become as varied as Han Fu.

Metaphorical arrangement of words. The so-called "touching things" means touching foreign things.

The impulse that causes the author's subjective feelings is what Mei Yao Chen called "cause"

Things are exciting because things are prosperous and cynicism is evil. It is sent to plants and insects. "

("Answering Han Sanzi's Poems, Six Jade Rus in China and North Korea"), from the outside

The stimulation of things can stimulate feelings, and at the same time, soak and pin feelings on the described objects.

Medium. Obviously, Li's exposition of "Fu, Bi and Xing" is better than his own.

Many previous explanations have been further developed. His argument, after that

In the past, it was written by Wang Yinglin in the Southern Song Dynasty and Wang Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty.

Yuan, Yang Shen's "Sheng An Shi" and so on. , has been quoted and published, and see the opinions of future generations.

Most of the solutions are the extension and development of his views, and there are few new breakthroughs.

Zhu's interpretation of "Fu, Bi and Xing" is "Fu and Fu".

The outspoken person is also ";" Compare, compare this thing with another thing "Xing (China surname).

If you say something else first, it will cause your own words to be memorized. "("Biography of Poetry ") This

Huang Che said, "The giver has his own business; Comparator, primer linkage; Promote/start/get up/maybe/last name/interest

Who, because of things "(see" Poet Jade Chip "), is basically the same. bright red

Although Xi accurately interprets "Fu, Bi and Xing" as a means of expression.

But his summary is not as good as Li's explanation, which is more in line with literature.

The reality of creation The reason why his statement had a great influence on later generations,

Mainly because his thoughts and theories were greatly influenced by the rulers in the late feudal society.

For publicity purposes. Although Zhu also criticized the interpretation of The Book of Songs by Han Confucians,

There are some pedantic arguments, but there is no lack of pedantry in his own poems.

Bad opinions, such as his comment on Guan Ju in Shi Zhuan: "Xing"

Yes ""King Zhou Zhiwen was born with divine virtue, which deserves the thought of a saint.

From beginning to end, people in the palace saw that he had the virtue of leisure and chastity and pretended to be a poem. word

He Guanran's pheasant dove is harmonious above the river continent; This is gentle and elegant.

A lady is not a gentleman and a good horse? Talking about harmony and joy is respectful, and it is also

If the pigeon's love is sincere and different. After all the words, the meaning is put (□).

This cloud. "Like this to analyze the meaning of" xing "in" Guanju "is obviously influenced by

Preface to Poetry, Biography of Mao and Jian Zheng are far-fetched and attached to the influence of poetry.

Moreover, he did not notice the necessity of "three meanings" in his creation like Zhong Rong.

Or lack of interaction, often simply say a poem as "Fu Ye",

"Bi Ye" or "Master Xing" and even "Songs of the South" are all broken down in this way.

As a result, we had to wear a hard chisel, which caused ridicule from future generations. Such as Chen Tingzhuo in White.

Yu Zhai Hua thorn said: "There are 300 poems in the wind ... Future generations speculate on strong things, which is a department."

In the name of comparison, prosperity and fu, the meaning of poetry becomes dim. Zhuzi, the son of Chu Ci, also

It is especially meaningless to divide chapters into chapters and tie them together with comparison, prosperity and empowerment. "

It should be pointed out that this kind of exploration has left the specific artistic image of poetry.

In addition to the image, the so-called monarch and his son, husband and wife whisper their righteousness, in the Song Dynasty.

It is still common after the Song Dynasty. Huang Tingjian was attached to the Song Dynasty.

When he explained the phenomenon of Du Fu's poems, he put forward a sharp criticism: "I like to chisel and abandon it."

The general idea is to regard it as something popular with nymphs, plants, insects and fish.

Everyone has something to trust. For example, if there is a commercial code word in the world, Zimei's poems will be entrusted to the land. "

("Daya Gallery") In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Conghua" was also

There are many records in this regard. Not only poems, but also words. As usual, in the Qing Dynasty

There are some problems in Zhou School's theory of Ci, and some viewpoints of Ci are discussed.

It was also refuted by Wang Guowei. The rulers of the Qing dynasty even took over this

This more profound and profound method has promoted the literary inquisition more than once.

It has caused extremely bad consequences.

Research on "Fu, Bi and Xing" in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Textual research, it is worth noting that there are Li Mengyang in Ming Dynasty and Zhou Ji in Qing Dynasty. the Ming Dynasty

Li Mengyang, the leader of the first seven sons, once quoted Wang Shuwu as saying: "Poetry has six meanings, more than.

What's the point? Scholars are much more straightforward than students. What is this? Out of affection

And there are too many words to deal with. The road is stupid and the husband is solid, and there is no text. Is its trust,

-Yes, groan, chant, and go-and sit and sing, eat and groan, and sing the same song.

Harmony, without exception, is a kind of comparison, a kind of promotion, nothing more than its feelings, enough to see righteousness. "

(Preface to Poetry) Poetry lacking true feelings was popular at that time.

, although Li Mengyang also advocated the old saying, but he also pointed out that "than.

Xing "comes from true feelings, true poetry is among the people, and orthodox poetry should be presented to the people."

Song Xuexue, this opinion is correct. Zhou Ji was "better than Xing" in Qing Dynasty.

Applying it to the theory of ci poetry, he put forward the book "if you don't entrust it, you won't be expert"

The name dispute (Miscellaneous Words of Jiecunzhai). "Tuo" means "Bi Xing"

The application of artistic thinking and artistic expression in creation. Poetry writing, neither is it.

Can there be no sustenance, can't deliberately pursue sustenance, or it will affect.

The attraction of the work. This opinion is also quite incisive. Besides, Fu,

Said "intentionally or unintentionally, than also don't carve" (-lent.

Poetry), emphasizing that the use of "Bi Xing" should be natural and muddy; Chen Qiyuan

As the saying goes, "Therefore, you must study physics before you speak" (On Shi Mao Ji Gu),

Emphasize the importance of extensive life accumulation to the application of "Bixing"; Short name of Shenyang/surname

Xianglong thinks that "Xing" is "borrowing scenery to paint its feelings" and "Bi" is "borrowing things"

In order to express its meaning, it is required to "communicate" ("On Ci"), then

Combine "Bi Xing" with emotion and scenery in artistic description. But these

The discussion was mostly sporadic and lacked particularly noteworthy insights. In the professional field

Judging from the research works, Chen Ling's poems are superior to those of Xing Jian and Yao Jiheng.

General theory has some advantages.

In a word, the study of "Fu, Bi and Xing" is not just poetry.

Its positive significance lies not only in its negative influence, but also in its long-term research and discussion.

We not only realize that these artistic expressions with national characteristics have their own characteristics.

Point, their interaction and influence in literary creation; And realized

Rich life experience, sincere feelings, visual expression, etc.

Their importance, as well as the rich poetry beyond the meaning, has already produced for readers.

The importance of a strong sense of beauty, in this way, there is a discussion about "Fu, Bi and Xing"

The theoretical understanding of his artistic thinking and expression method is getting deeper and better.

The expression and application in creation are increasingly enriched and improved. These are very important for creation.

Legal knowledge greatly enriched China's ancient literary theory.