Topic 2 Concept of Matter (I) Definition of Matter Lenin made a comprehensive and scientific stipulation on the concept of matter: "Matter is a philosophical category that marks objective reality, which is perceived by human beings through feelings, exists independently of our feelings, and is copied, photographed and reflected by our feelings." Lenin grasped matter from the relationship between matter and consciousness. The only characteristic of matter is objective reality, which exists outside human consciousness and can be reflected by human consciousness. (II) World Material Unity The practical significance of the principle of world material unity lies in that it is the foothold of all our work and the philosophical basis of all ideological lines proceeding from reality.
The origin consciousness of three kinds of consciousness (1) is the function and attribute of the human brain. Social practice, especially labor, plays a decisive role in the emergence and development of consciousness. (2) The essential consciousness of consciousness is essentially the subjective image of the material world and the unity of objective content and subjective form. Language is the material shell and manifestation of consciousness.
Topic 4 The concept of motion (1) Motion and stillness are interdependent, interpenetrating and inclusive. "There is stillness in the movement, and there is movement in the stillness". Static is a measure of motion and a special state. (2) Motion and space-time are the existing forms of material motion. The characteristics of time are one-dimensional. The time and space of concrete material form is limited, while the time and space of the whole material world is infinite; The objective reality of material movement time and space is absolute, and the specific characteristics of material movement time and space are relative. It is the living soul of Marxism that everything is based on weather, geographical location and human harmony and concrete analysis of specific problems.
Topic 5 View of Practice (1) The essence of practice is the objective material activity of human beings to actively transform the world. (2) Basic characteristics of practice 1. Direct reality: Direct reality is the fundamental difference between practice and cognition. 2. Conscious initiative: Practice is a conscious objective activity of human beings. 3. Social historicity: Practice is the activity of people in certain social relations, which is restricted by certain historical conditions and changes with the changes of certain social and historical conditions. (3) The basic form of practice 1. Material production practice: labor, which is the most basic practical activity of human beings. 2. Socio-political practice: namely, the activity of dealing with social relations. 3. Scientific and cultural practice: exploration and preparation activities. (4) Practice is the basis of the relationship between man and nature, and the relationship between man and nature is harmonious and unified. Practice constitutes the basic way of human existence. Practice is the historical premise of dividing the material world into nature and human society, and it is also the realistic basis of unifying nature and human society. The correct practical viewpoint is the key to understand the relationship between man and nature and the unity of man and nature. (5) Correctly handle the relationship between subjective initiative and objective regularity. First of all, we must respect objective laws. Giving full play to people's subjective initiative must be based on recognizing the objectivity of law. Secondly, on the basis of respecting objective laws, give full play to subjective initiative. Practice is the basis of the unity of objective regularity and subjective initiative.