The present situation, existing problems and countermeasures of youth social work can be changed by changing related words. 1. Research background and overview (I) Research background Social work, as a part of the social division of labor system, is a specific social phenomenon. Social work is essentially a realistic transplant of foreign experience in China. Therefore, to explore the development of social work in China, we must trace back to the origin of modern social work in the West. Many domestic scholars have expressed their views on the connotation and function of social work. Most scholars believe that social work is a profession undertaken by the government or the private sector, which helps individuals to adjust their relationship with the social environment, so as to maximize their potential and enhance social welfare. The function of social work mainly includes three aspects: the supplementary function to the weak group, the strengthening function to the normal group and the development function to the strong group. The youth social work team established in Shanghai mainly serves the "three lost" teenagers who are out of school, unemployed and out of control, which is what we often call idle teenagers. According to statistics, there are currently more than 63,000 idle teenagers in Shanghai, and the number of idle teenagers in China is even more alarming. Three traditional methods of social work-case social work, group social work and community social work-are still the mainstream methods of youth social work at present, but now there are some relatively new changes, such as the application of outreach social work and the emphasis on institutional social work. The latest development of social work fully considers the development of society itself, and some relatively new concepts and methods have been added to the social work of teenagers. For example, mass culture and social work, environmental protection and social work, mass media and social work, network social work and so on. The introduction of these new social changes has provided new methods and theories for the development of youth social work. (II) Research methods We adopt stratified fixed ratio and typical sampling method. * * * 350 samples were selected, 350 questionnaires were distributed, 350 questionnaires were recovered and 348 questionnaires were valid. Second, the contents and conclusions of the study (I) Investigation on the living conditions of youth clients in Zhabei District Understanding the youth clients in Zhabei District is the premise and guarantee for doing a good job in youth social work. Zhabei District is relatively complex, backward in development, and the proportion of out-of-school and unemployed teenagers is relatively high, and this overall figure has been changing. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth investigation on the out-of-school and unemployed teenagers in Zhabei District, and grasp their living conditions in a timely and comprehensive manner, so as to provide services for specific teenagers more effectively. 1, the main characteristics (1) population differentiation is obvious. Nowadays, social differentiation is becoming more and more obvious, and this differentiation is also manifested in the youth service targets in Zhabei District. They are not homogeneous groups, but mainly heterogeneous groups. For example, there are obvious differences in educational background structure, age composition, gender composition, family status and so on. (2) the level of higher education. The educational structure of the young clients surveyed is relatively acceptable, with college education accounting for 43.2%. Higher education level can make it easier for young people to accept the concept of professional social work and help them to carry out social work. In addition, young customers have a strong desire to continue learning, and their learning goals are clear and they pay more attention to practical application. (3) Strong willingness to work. 58.3% of young customers have worked and have some work experience. In addition, 50.7% of young customers are very willing to work, and 3 1.6% are more willing to work. Strong willingness to work means that young customers are very willing to develop themselves and participate in society. (4) Family recognition is high. 69. 1% of youth clients think that family has a great influence on them. When acknowledging the important influence of family on themselves, most teenagers think that parents, especially fathers, have the greatest influence on themselves, mainly in the formation of outlook on life and values. (5) Strong sense of community participation. Although the influence of teenagers on the community is not high, 48.4% of them are willing or willing to participate in activities organized by the community. Of course, if the content and form of community activities are better, the enthusiasm of young people will be higher, among which recreational activities and physical exercise are the most popular among young people. (6) More recognition of social work. 40.3% of the youth clients are very familiar with youth social work. In addition, 42.6% of the youth clients are very willing to become youth social work volunteers. (7) High social evaluation. 49. 1% of the youth clients think that the current social development situation in China is very good. In addition, 58.7% of the youth clients are very optimistic and relatively optimistic about the social development prospects of China. 2. Existing problems (1) The separation of households is serious. There are three main types: first, people are in Zhabei, and households are not in Zhabei; Second, the hukou is in Zhabei, and people are not in Zhabei; Third, everyone is in Zhabei, but the household registration and residence are not on the same street. (2) The phenomenon of incomplete family is prominent. Nearly 28% of the respondents live in incomplete families for various reasons, which is relatively high. Teenagers from these special families should receive more attention. (3) There are many families with difficulties. Among the respondents, the average monthly income of 79% families is less than 3,000 yuan, 62.4% families are less than 2,000 yuan, and 25.9% families are less than 1000 yuan. (4) The integration of social resources is not smooth. Most of the teenagers surveyed have a low degree of cognition and recognition of neighbors, neighborhood committees, streets and communities, and do not know how to fully integrate these social resources. Moreover, the social circle is relatively narrow, and the communication objects are too single, mainly limited to classmates and friends, which will greatly limit the social development of teenagers. (2) Analysis of the current situation of youth social work in Zhabei District 1, with the main characteristics of (1) high professional identity. Young social workers in Zhabei District have a strong sense of professional identity, whether they are social recruiters or police secondees. 7 1% of social workers think social workers are very important, 29% think social workers are more important, and no one thinks social workers are not important. (2) Strong sense of professional innovation. Social work for teenagers in Zhabei District is a brand-new exploration. In the process of social work, professional innovations abound. Based on the existing theory of youth social work and the particularity of Zhabei District, Zhabei District has made many useful attempts and innovations in youth social work. In view of the particularity and complexity of "three lost" teenagers, Zhabei District Youth Social Work Station actively promotes the graded early warning service system, and divides the youth service targets into three grades according to the severity of the crisis. In addition, combined with the characteristics of single-parent teenagers in this area, social workers have launched a single-parent homogeneous group "single-parent family self-help group" activity; In addition, according to the characteristics of teenagers in Zhabei District, young social workers take group recreational activities as the main method and have achieved good results. (3) Strong support from government departments. The development of youth social work in Zhabei District has received great attention and support from government departments at all levels. In the survey of "three functional departments that have the greatest influence on professional youth social work", youth social workers generally think that the district government is the most influential department, which shows that the district government has done a lot of fruitful work in promoting youth social work. In addition, the Communist Youth League Committee also hired a professional supervisor of youth social work development to contact social work teachers in colleges and universities to study and summarize the experience of youth social work. In addition, the Communist Youth League Committee also signed a cooperation agreement with the district procuratorate to actively promote the work of helping and educating juvenile offenders. (4) Comprehensively coordinate social resources. In order to better promote the youth social work in Zhabei District, the Communist Youth League Committee strives to integrate the existing three teams of community employment assistants, community youth counselors and community youth workers, and organically combine these three teams with professional youth social work teams. In addition, it has established working contacts with social resources such as "Red Sister Studio" and "Love Home" to promote the work of serving young people. In terms of professional guidance, the Communist Youth League Committee has also jointly established social work practice bases with Shanghai Youth Cadre Management College and Changsha Civil Affairs College. The youth social work station in Zhabei District has also actively established a volunteer team. The comprehensive coordination of these social resources has greatly promoted the progress of youth social work in Zhabei District. 2. Problems (1) Social worker dual-track system construction. At present, the young social workers in Zhabei District are mainly composed of two parts: the first is social recruiters, and the second is public security secondees. Public security secondees and social recruiters are completely different in staffing and salary distribution. (2) Social workers' professional quality is low. At present, the professional quality of social work of young social workers in Zhabei District is not high as a whole, most of them have never been exposed to social work, and even fewer of them have received special social work training. (3) The evaluation of incentive measures is unscientific. The evaluation of young social workers should be performance evaluation and professional evaluation, not job evaluation or simple attendance evaluation. Although there are many evaluation and incentive measures for young social workers at present, these measures are generally lacking in scientificity, rationality and fairness, especially in professionalism. These deficiencies are also manifested in other management measures for young social workers. (4) Social work stations lack human, financial and material rights. At present, the social work station is a virtual body, just a mouthpiece, which has no practical significance. The fundamental reason for this embarrassing situation is that social work stations have no corresponding property rights, which directly leads to the marginalization of social work stations. (5) fragmentation, lack of competition and cooperation. At present, the organizational construction of young social workers lacks enough flexibility and openness, and the social workers are divided, fragmented, rigid and closed. It is difficult to transfer between the clients and social workers, and there is a lack of full competition and necessary cooperation between them. (6) Excessive management and intervention. Judging from the current organizational structure, young social workers in Zhabei District are subject to multi-faceted and multi-level management and guidance. Regional social workstations, municipal organizations, professional supervisors, district governments, regional prevention offices, youth league committees and sub-district offices can give orders to young social workers. The problem is that these orders may conflict with each other, leaving social workers at a loss, and the social workers surveyed have a great response. (7) Weak integration of social resources. Youth social work is a comprehensive systematic project, which needs the collaborative support of all sectors of society. However, at present, the operating mechanism of youth social work itself has not been really clarified, and the relationship between social work and the government has not been completely straightened out. In addition, the professional level of social workers is limited and the development of social forces in China is inherently insufficient, which makes it difficult for social workers to truly integrate existing social resources. (8) Low social recognition. Social work itself is a very young profession and occupation. Many people even mistakenly think that young social workers are young insurance personnel, employment assistants, low-income applicants, street cadres, neighborhood Committee cadres and so on. Others think that young social workers are actually embarrassing roles such as traffic assistants. Three. Relevant countermeasures and suggestions The comprehensive assistance model is the crystallization of the trial of judicial social work in Zhabei District, a new model of social work that has been proved to be effective in practice, and the practical result of the guiding ideology of "government-led promotion, autonomous operation of associations and active participation of all sectors of society" in Shanghai judicial social work in Zhabei District. The so-called comprehensive support model mainly emphasizes the comprehensive cooperation between the government and social forces, the comprehensive participation of social forces, the comprehensive support of social work and various forces, and the comprehensive application of social work professional methods. Under this basic idea, we believe that we should focus on building a new model of social work for teenagers with comprehensive support. (A) based on professional, innovative brand professionalism is the basis of youth social work, but also the only way for the development of youth social work. In the process of further promoting youth social work, professional construction should be the integration of youth social work professional research, professional supervision, professional training, professional operation and other aspects and levels. Innovative consciousness is the fundamental guarantee of youth social work. China has special national conditions and Zhabei District has special location conditions. In the concrete practice of youth social work, we should not blindly copy the experience of youth social work in other countries and regions, but should be based on Zhabei District and be brave in exploration and innovation. Brand awareness is the banner of youth social work and the inevitable result of professional innovation. The youth social work in Zhabei District should have enough wisdom, confidence and courage to build its own professional brand, so as to better serve the youth and lead the development of youth social work in Shanghai and even the whole country. (2) Shaping a comprehensive service brand for teenagers Zhabei District has made many explorations and innovations in the practice of social work for teenagers, such as group recreational activities and self-help groups for single-parent families. However, these activities are still somewhat single, and they pay too much attention to group social work methods. In fact, group social work is just one of the three methods commonly used in social work. Moreover, the international trend of social work development is to comprehensively use a variety of professional methods, such as case social work, group social work, community social work, outreach social work, case management and so on. Therefore, the professional brand of youth social work in Zhabei District should not be a single social work method, but a comprehensive social work method, that is, a comprehensive service for young people. There is another important reason. At present, the social work of teenagers in other districts of this city basically stays in the application of a single social work method. Zhabei District can take the lead in developing youth social work in other districts. In addition, the comprehensive service of youth social work coincides with the comprehensive support of the new model of social work in Zhabei District. (3) Strengthen supervision and expand research. Professional, efficient and dedicated supervision plays a vital role in promoting the professionalization of youth social work. Therefore, further strengthening professional supervision should be the focus of the next step. It is suggested that competitive appointment system and contract system should be implemented for supervisors, and the most suitable supervisors should be selected through competition; Encourage supervisors to give full play to their professional guidance role through contracts. The in-depth study of youth social work is the original motive force for the development of youth social work. Only by summing up the experience and lessons in the process of promoting youth social work in time can we keep the healthy development of youth social work. It is suggested that the representative problems encountered in the process of promoting youth social work can be invited by relevant experts in the form of topics every six months or one year, and the best research results can be obtained through the best experts. (4) Expert-led, multi-purpose. In the process of promoting youth social work, the multi-voice and multi-head management of government departments, associations and experts has always been a difficult problem. The Youth League Committee should further straighten out the internal relations among the government, associations, experts and social workers, so as to grasp the small and revitalize the overall situation. It is suggested that the Youth League Committee define their relationship as: expert theoretical guidance, coordination of government resources and concrete practice of social workers. In promoting youth social work, it is necessary to further strengthen the leading role of experts and establish their absolute authority, collective argumentation and expert decision-making professionally. Professional flexibility should be transmitted through the mouth of an expert. (5) Scientific evaluation, effective encouragement, scientific evaluation and effective encouragement are the necessary conditions for continuously and efficiently promoting youth social work, and are also effective means to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of young social workers. It is suggested that the Communist Youth League Committee should entrust experts to formulate professional evaluation methods as soon as possible to implement scientific management of social workers. In addition, we should encourage social workers in various ways, break the misconception that only diplomas talk about wages, increase incentives, and reward social workers in different ways and at different levels according to their work performance. It is best for the Communist Youth League Committee to raise special funds as a long-term incentive for young social workers. (6) Decentralizing power and improving the equipment of the Youth League Committee should give the district youth social work station more power to control people and property, further materialize the district youth social work station and promote the independent operation of the district social work station. At the same time, it provides street social workers with the necessary funds for office activities, so that each social worker can enhance their autonomy and stimulate their creativity. The Communist Youth League Committee should break away from the specific transactional guidance for young social workers and give more support and coordination in macro aspects such as policies and funds. (7) Dynamic management and orderly competition are effective means to maintain the vitality and creativity of youth social work. The Communist Youth League Committee should further break the rigid employment system and closed working system of youth social work, encourage young social workers to move across regions, promote the recruitment and dismissal of young social workers, implement a competitive bidding system for youth affairs, introduce other social groups and organizations to participate in the competition, and maintain the continuous innovation ability of youth social work. (VIII) Intensify publicity and enhance the sense of identity. The Youth League Committee should mobilize various media through various channels and adopt various ways to increase the publicity of social work, enhance the awareness of social work, enhance the sense of social work identity, and create a good social environment for the development of youth social work. (9) Integrating resources and comprehensively promoting youth social work is a systematic project, which requires the overall coordination and promotion of all social forces. Zhabei Youth League Committee can first integrate its own social forces, such as "Youth Employment Assistant", "Community Youth Counselor" and "Community Youth Worker", as well as other social groups and organizations such as "Red Sister Studio" and "Love Home". Secondly, integrate the procuratorate, labor bureau, street office, employment agency, social security center and other functional departments; Thirdly, integrate social organizations such as neighborhood committees and communities; Finally, integrate other forces such as college experts, social volunteers and enterprises to provide a solid social foundation for the development of youth social work. (10) Communicate in many ways and broaden your horizons. Social work is a very young profession, and it is precisely because of its youth that it develops rapidly and has many innovations. The Youth League Committee wants to go out more. Please come in. Communicate with the cutting-edge figures of youth social work in the city, at home and even internationally, feel the cutting-edge theory and practice of youth social work, and always maintain a leading position. At the same time, create more opportunities for young social workers to study, study and visit, and regularly offer the latest special lectures and counseling for young social workers to help young social workers continuously improve their professional theoretical level and enhance their professional practical ability.