Li Shangyin (about 8 13- about 858), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, whose real name was Shan, whose name was Yu Xisheng and whose name was Fan Nansheng, was a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and he was also called "Xiao" with Mu. Among them, Li Shangyin's poetic style is closer to Du Fu's. "The Tang Dynasty learned from Lao Du, the only mountain" (Wang Anshi's words), and Du Mu's poetic style is more like Li Bai's.
Li Shangyin, like Li He, is a member of Tangmen. But because of the long history, the family is already very poor. He was enlightened at an early age. At the age of sixteen, he walked out of the office with two ancient essays, On Talent and On Sage, and was appreciated by Linghu Chu, who stayed in Dongdu (Luoyang). Linghu Chu was a master of parallel prose at that time, and Li Shangyin got his careful guidance, which soon became "The Epiphany". This skill became an important skill in his later years.
At the age of 26, with the help of Hu Ling and his son, Li Shangyin was admitted to Jinshi. The following year, he entered the shogunate of Wang Maoyuan and married his daughter. Piano and harp are in harmony. However, at that time, the struggle between Niu (monk and Confucian) and Li (Deyu) was fierce. Linghu Chu belongs to Niu School and Yuan belongs to Li School. Li Shangyin's move was regarded as taking refuge in Wang Maoyuan, so he was accused by Linghu Mao, the son of Linghu Chu, of "profiteering and stealing". After that, he spent his whole life in the struggle between the two parties, suffering, and failed to live up to his ambition and talent of "returning to the sky and entering the boat" ("Stability Tower"). He is 46 years old.
Li Shangyin has made outstanding achievements in art, among which the seven laws are the highest, and there are many famous articles and epigrams in other five-character quatrains, seven-character ancient poems and five-character ancient poems. His poems emphasize artistic conception, implicit, affectionate, subtle and tortuous, with deep sustenance, gorgeous and beautiful, and the essence is all in it; Be good at using historical allusions and myths and legends, and form colorful artistic images through imagination, association and symbol; His Bi Xing adopts the method of the Book of Songs, and Beauty Vanilla imitates Li Sao, which is profound and profound, and its beautiful imagination and language directly benefit from Li He. If Li He's poems emphasize imagination, Li Shangyin's poems are more important than symbols.
Li Shangyin's poems were very popular in the early Song Dynasty. "Kunxi style" imitated the allusions of Yishan poetry, and later became Kunxi poetry school. However, it only learned rhetoric mechanically, but could not get the essence of Yishan's poetry.
Li Shangyin's poems satirize the present through the ancient times without scruple. For example, two poems in "Ma Su" point directly at the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, saying that "the emperor of the four seasons is not as good as Lu", and such courage of "riding on" is rare in the politically enlightened Tang Dynasty. Poems in Northern Qi, such as "Looking ahead to the sages' country, being defeated by thrift and extravagance" and "I'm too lucky to have a few bodies, and I've reported Zhou Shi as Jinyang", are direct criticisms and allegories of Tang Jingzong's extravagant style; Jia Sheng, a famous article, said, "Looking for a wise man to visit courtiers in the middle of the night, Jia Sheng was even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. "He rebuked the emperor of the late Tang Dynasty for his absurd behavior of seeking immortals to visit Taoism and make an alchemist in order to achieve the goal of immortality, and thus he missed the country. "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" truly describes the poverty of the people after three years of war and drought after the Ganlu Revolution, traces back to a series of major changes in the country in the past 100 years, and seeks a political way out from the comparison between the past and the present, worrying about the country and the people, which is quite meaningful for Fu's Northern Expedition.
Li Shangyin's love poems have achieved great success. There are more than ten untitled poems, and there are also more than ten poems with the previous two words as their titles, such as Jinse, Bi Cheng and Wei You. There are also a few poems that seem to be titled, but they are all about lingering love, fantasy and sadness: "Time was far before I met her, but it was longer after we parted, and the east wind rose and a hundred flowers blossomed"; " If angels don't bring their lovers into the room, what life will they have except dreams? "; " Storms make nut horns ecstasy, and the moon dew makes cinnamon leaves sweet. "But I can't reach the magic mountain, and you are over there, 10,000 peaks away." Does the human heart have to bloom in spring like all other flowers? Even if this bright flame of love, should it only be ashes? ".
His "Jinse" is rich in words, easy to understand literally and profound in content, and has always been praised as "a Jinse can solve people's difficulties". In addition, "Su E, a young woman, is hardy and fights frost in the middle of the month" ("Frost Moon"); "God pities grass, and there is sunshine on earth" (Yixian); "Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir, the sky is high and the clouds are light at night" ("Chang 'e") also gives a deep impression.
Like Li He, Li Shangyin is also good at writing dreams. Life is like a dream, dreams are like life. In Li Shangyin's poems, these two realms complement each other, and through dreams, we can find relief from the painful life and find a bright, beautiful and happy life. For example, "I am a colored pen in my dream, and I want to send flowers and leaves to the clouds" ("Peony"); "Ten-year-old dreams of picking flowers" ("East Return") and so on.
Li Shangyin's poems are of course wonderful flowers in the poetry garden, and his prose is also unique. His poems are sincere and tortuous, but his prose is steep and firm, unique and sharp, refuting secular prejudices and expressing his thoughts directly; This chapter is beautiful and fair, full of talent and foresight, not limited by style, good at expression and expression, which has a great influence on later generations and is regarded as the golden rule of CET-4 and CET-6 essays.
The Complete Works of Li Shangyin consists of three volumes of Notes on Yu Xi Sheng's Poems in Qing Dynasty, eight volumes of Fan Nan Wen Ji, and twelve volumes of Fan Nan Wen Ji Supplement by Qian Zhenlun and Qian Zhenchang, with some deletions. The content is substantial, the price is low, and Li He's poems are attached at the end of the book, which is suitable for having a certain foundation in ancient China literature and loving the late Tang Dynasty.