Under the background of the mixed reform of state-owned enterprises in China's aviation industry, the Guiding Opinions of Civil Aviation Administration on Promoting the Development of Aviation Logistics Industry (CAAC [2018] No.48) put forward the plan of establishing a public information service platform. Airport freight should actively participate in the construction of public information service platform, apply Internet of Things technologies such as unified bar code and radio frequency identification, break down the barriers of fragmentation and fragmentation under the dual promotion of administrative power and capital power, and build a national networked public information service platform. Through the information interconnection with airlines, freight forwarders, express delivery companies, customs, quarantine and other units, it has promoted the organization and intensification of aviation logistics.
After entering the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period, the policy level further clarified the guidance of the civil aviation industry to intelligence. First of all, during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, civil aviation determined the "four" in the overall working idea of "12334"-opening up four new situations, and clearly pointed out that there should be new breakthroughs in the construction of smart civil aviation during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, which is the intelligent requirement at the strategic target level. In addition, at the end of 2020, the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China issued the Implementation Opinions of the Civil Aviation Administration of China on Promoting the Construction of New Infrastructure to Promote the High-quality Development of Civil Aviation (hereinafter referred to as the Implementation Opinions) and the Five-year Action Plan of the Civil Aviation Administration of China on Promoting the Construction of New Infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as the Five-year Action Plan), aiming at actively promoting the digital, intelligent and intelligent transformation and upgrading of the industry and promoting the high-quality development of civil aviation infrastructure. The two guiding policies clearly put forward the development goal of "realizing logistics in 2035" and strive to achieve phased results in digital transformation by 2025. "Mars, chief engineer of Aviation Logistics Planning and Design Institute of China Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd. believes that the policies of these industries are of great guiding significance to planning and design workers, including construction units." The policy guides us to focus on improving the automation level of freight facilities in our work, and creates basic conditions for the all-round intelligent and intelligent development of logistics equipment, facilities and industry supervision. This year, the bureau promoted a number of intelligent engineering pilots, such as the unmanned cargo apron of Hubei International Logistics Airport; Shenzhen Airport Aviation Concentrator ct Security Inspection Machine Application Project: Zhengzhou Airport also has aviation electronic freight project. These are concrete examples of the intelligent development of civil aviation logistics. "
Mr. Liu Xinli, director of the Logistics Institute of the Civil Aviation Airport Planning and Design Institute, believes that the aviation logistics industry is aiming at building "internet plus" efficient logistics and Airport3.0 intelligent airport, and promoting the transformation of airport aviation logistics to new infrastructure and digitalization. In terms of hardware, we should speed up the investment in information technology such as 5G communication and computer network equipment. In terms of software, we should focus on big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence to build a modern aviation logistics industry chain system. Liu Xinli believes that the logistics equipment selection of the newly-built large-scale airport will be based on the principles of artificial intelligence and flexibility, and the application of intelligent equipment such as unmanned forklifts, unmanned trucks and AGV will be considered to meet the long-term use requirements in the future.
Mars said that in the choice of infrastructure and logistics equipment, both comprehensive and professional freight airports have a common feature, that is, the functional requirements are increasingly diversified, and the requirements for flexible changes in functional space and system flexibility are getting higher and higher. This brings new challenges to the planning and construction of aviation logistics park and airport logistics system. It is required to analyze and judge the actual functional requirements and potential functional requirements of infrastructure and equipment systems according to the characteristics of airports (and operators), so as to reserve conditions and possibilities for the realization of potential functional requirements.
When talking about the construction of airport freight system, many experts have talked about the unmanned trend, which is called "unmanned freight apron" in the industry. Director Liu Xinli said: With the rapid development of new technologies such as informationization, digitalization and automation, the level of intelligence and refinement of air cargo logistics has improved significantly. On the one hand, the popularization and application of advanced technologies such as UAV technology, Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and Beidou navigation. It further promoted the reform of logistics service mode, reduced the operating cost of enterprises, and improved the intelligence and automation level of service network. On the other hand, driverless technology is developing rapidly around the world, and driverless autopilot technology is providing a new direction for smart airport construction and unmanned air side. From 20 19 12.30, Hong Kong Airport began to test and operate unmanned trailers to transport air cargo and passenger luggage in the actual operating environment of the airport flight area. After more than one year's operation, it is proved that unmanned trailer is more reliable, safe and stable than manual trailer. There are no drivers, passengers and safety officers in the cockpit of the unmanned trailer, and the driving speed is 20 kilometers per hour. The vehicle is equipped with a variety of sensors, which can drive safely according to the set route, accurately detect obstacles, and ensure safety and stability. In 2020, the global COVID-19 epidemic struck, and the unmanned trailer can still operate normally during the epidemic prevention period because it is completely unmanned technically. Hong Kong Airport will adopt unmanned trailers on a large scale to improve operational efficiency and promote the safe and intelligent operation of the airport.
Regarding the development trend of unmanned airport logistics system construction, he also introduced the case of Singapore Changi Airport. The airport is actively pursuing the goal of complete automation: it has built a complete terminal to help test future airport robots. SATS (Singapore Airport Terminal Service Company) is testing a remote-controlled vehicle, which can unload the baggage from the plane within 10 minutes and transfer it to the baggage handling area. The company is also testing the use of self-driving electric vehicles to transport air transport documents. SATS is using light detection and ranging technology to map the route and transport carts full of 200 kilograms of food to the lounge. In addition, Liu Xinli also mentioned the application of intelligent apron in airport freight transportation. Considering that the cargo apron of general airport has relatively independent physical isolation conditions, it can carry out fully automatic cargo transshipment in this area, including the whole process of cargo unloading, arrival and transportation, entry into air cargo terminal, departure and transportation, and cargo loading, and can implement fully automatic unmanned workflow. The apron adopts fully automatic technology, which can improve the operation time of airport cargo area, save labor costs and speed up the turnover efficiency of goods in the airport. Intelligent equipment such as AGV and RGV can also be used in the freight station to realize unmanned driving of vehicles in the station through path isolation and time isolation. According to the development of science and technology and the planning principle of moderate advance, the design of air freight station should consider creating an efficient and integrated air logistics working environment, and considering the application of intelligent equipment such as four-way shuttle bus and AGV in facilities and equipment to improve the overall intelligent level of freight equipment.
Airport freight station is an important part of airport land-side facilities and the most important ground operation node of aviation logistics. According to statistics, the processing time of cargo and mail in airport cargo terminals accounts for about 80% of the total time of air logistics transportation. Therefore, the intelligent upgrade of aviation logistics system and the upgrade and development of airport cargo terminals are one of the important projects. Because the construction of smart airport cargo terminal involves a series of complex issues such as land, tax, policy, capital, technology and organization, some experts in the industry suggest that its information management system should be upgraded comprehensively, so that it can effectively integrate the operation links such as consignment note, inspection, weighing, entering freight bill, warehousing, booking space, ton control, freight rate calculation, warehousing and cargo collection, and have comprehensive reports. The construction of related information system needs to build the information management system of airport freight station with modular ideas, and realize the information interconnection between airport freight station and security inspection, stowage and apron loading and unloading departments. Reduce labor by intelligence, promote optimization by informationization, and realize airport cargo terminal process reengineering, quality improvement and efficiency improvement by improving information management system.
For the intelligent development of automatic logistics equipment in airport cargo terminals, airport cargo terminals should build their own hardware facilities according to the actual business scale and storage requirements, and should not excessively pursue the advanced technology. The more suitable directions are automatic sorting machine, pallet assembling machine, automatic sorting machine, conveyor belt, three-dimensional shelf for storage and so on. At the same time, it is necessary to optimize the security inspection technology and process, and realize the whole board and whole box collection and distribution with freight forwarders and express delivery enterprises. It is necessary to give full play to the role of big data and clarify the data information such as departure direction and consignee, so as to adjust the operation mode and marketing strategy. For example, giving priority to the selection of agents with a large number of inbound passengers can greatly reduce the labor consumption of inbound sorting; For another example, timely and effective analysis of departure data is beneficial for carriers and freight forwarders to adjust freight rates and route planning in time.
Regarding the application of intelligent equipment and technology in aviation logistics, Mars believes that there are still some challenges. She said: Today, in the field of e-commerce warehousing and supply chain logistics, the application of intelligent unmanned technology is far more extensive and common than that of aviation logistics. However, these technologies have encountered some difficulties in the process of infiltrating into the field of aviation logistics. A more important reason may be that there is a huge difference between aviation logistics and non-aviation logistics in terms of equipment requirements for processing links. There are many cargo units handled by aviation logistics, and the volume is large. Usually, the pallet is the smallest operating unit, and the supporting weight varies from 200 to 800 kilograms. Such a heavy pallet needs to go through at least two picking actions in the whole operation process of the air cargo terminal; The picking in aviation logistics operation is also different from the conventional warehouse-the goods must be picked according to the order. There are some similar unconventional operations in the overall operation of aviation logistics, which makes the logistics technology and solutions developed under the conventional logistics operation scenario encounter "acclimatization" in the aviation field.
Aviation logistics hub is often an important node of international trade. With the popularization of trade modes such as cross-border electronic commerce and the great development of logistics organization modes such as multimodal transport, the demand for the construction, management, operation and upgrading of aviation logistics industry is more urgent. Vigorously developing multimodal transport including air, land, rail, water and sea has become an important way to upgrade and develop aviation logistics hub. Therefore, many airports and local governments now make special plans for freight areas, airport economic zones and comprehensive transportation in combination with local comprehensive traffic conditions, industrial development and land conditions, accelerate the planning and construction of multimodal transport infrastructure with air freight hub as the core, and implement it in advance, according to local conditions and step by step; From a strategic perspective, the special expressway for freight and high-speed freight trains to enter the airport will be planned and laid out to facilitate the realization of the above-mentioned multi-modal transport.
Regarding specific construction projects, Liu Xinli introduced: At present, there are two transportation airports in China, namely Ezhou Airport and Jiaxing Airport, which are mainly air freight. In the process of construction, they fully considered the needs of railway and highway transshipment, and adopted mature products as a whole in equipment selection, based on the principle of being able to efficiently and economically handle different types of products such as parcels, small parcels, plain pieces, non-flat pieces, envelopes, special-shaped pieces, oversized and overweight pieces; At the same time, some new equipment will be introduced to reduce the work intensity of employees and improve the efficiency of the system. In addition to the dedicated freight airport, in order to meet the needs of customers, the newly-built large-scale comprehensive airport has also optimized the spatial layout of freight stations to ensure a fast and reliable air transportation mode. The spatial layout of the newly-built air cargo terminal has good air resources, perfect comprehensive traffic conditions, complete secondary facilities, efficient customs clearance conditions and complete customs ports. In order to expand the supply of goods related to industrial chain and undertake more types of air freight, we should consider the spatial layout to adapt to the ever-changing air logistics market.
Generally speaking, the intelligent development prospect of aviation logistics in China is worth looking forward to. The traditional business model of air freight should keep up with the pace and rhythm of the times, and the airport cargo terminal should play an important role in platform and node through intelligent upgrading and development. The general trend is overwhelming. In the process of intelligent logistics development, builders must seek development through innovation and embrace wisdom through openness, so as to promote the logistics industry, including aviation logistics, to integrate into a new era of intelligent development.