A: North Sichuan:
Chinese name Fritillaria cirrhosa
Pinyin code CBM
Alias: Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum cuspidatum, Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria cirrhosa, herbs, Sophora flavescens flower, Saussurea involucrata, mother.
Fritillaria original plant Fritillaria cirrhosa. Fritillaria tangutica Donval. ecirhosafranch。 Fritillaria yunnanensis ..
English names UnibractFritillarybulb, BulboFunibractFritillary, BulboFTendrilleafritillary, Bulbofprzewalskfritillary, BulboFDelavayfritillary.
Expectorant and antitussive drugs
Medicinal materials were originally bulbs of Liliaceae plants, such as Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria cirrhosa or Fritillaria Sparganii.
Distribution of medicinal resources: Fritillaria cirrhosa is distributed in Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai and other places. Fritillaria thunbergii is distributed at the junction of Sichuan and Qinghai. Fritillaria Fritillaria is distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. Songbei is mainly produced in Sichuan (Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture). Qingbei is mainly produced at the junction of Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan. Shell production in Sichuan (Changdu) and Yunnan (Deqin, Dali).
Ecological environment of animals and plants: Fritillaria cirrhosa is born in alpine grassland or wet bushes. Fritillaria thunbergii was born on the sunny grass slope on the mountain. Fritillaria is born in the cold zone.
Cultivation of medicinal animals and plants: 1. Climate The soil should be cold, cool and humid. Humus loam or sandy loam with good drainage is preferred. 2. Soil preparation and deep ploughing of 20cm, fine soil breaking and harrowing, border tillage according to the terrain, and drainage ditch opening. 3. Sowing propagation: Fritillaria seeds are collected in June and July, and sowed in1late October+12 in early February. The sowing method is broadcast sowing or drill sowing, preferably drill sowing, and straw is covered after sowing. It can be harvested in about 3 years. Bulb propagation: during the harvesting period from July to September, bulbs without traumatic lesions are selected as seeds, and furrowing is carried out by strip planting method, with row spacing of 20 cm and plant spacing of 3-4 cm. After planting, the soil covers 5-6 cm. Or when planting, the valve opening should be evenly divided, and the valve opening should be straight, not horizontal, and not damaging the inner and outer epidermis. It should be inserted obliquely in the hole, covered with fine soil and fertilizer with a thickness of 3-5 cm, and compacted and leveled. 4. Field management weeding at any time, not intertillage. Generally, the fertilizer is applied for 3 times, and decomposed manure is applied for each time/kloc-0 before planting; The second time, when the seedling is 3-4cm high, apply decomposed manure; The third time in March, when the bulbs grow, manure and oil cakes are applied.
Harvest and store in summer and autumn, or dig when the snow melts; After planting for more than three years, the seedlings will be dug up when they wither in autumn. Remove the soil and fibrous roots after harvest, and dry them in the sun or with low fire.
Microscopic identification of medicinal materials 1. Fritillaria thunbergii: On the surface of the epidermis of scale leaves, the cells are rectangular, square-like or long, with a length of 82-337? M, width 18-55? M, the vertical wall is wavy and curved, occasionally intermittent; Occasionally, keratin plugs can be seen, showing fine spots. The pores are round, rectangular or oblate, and the length is 42-55? M, width 46-64? M, 4-5 accessory cells. Powder: white starch-like particles are triangular oval, bulbous, wide oval, shell-shaped, oval, irregular four to seven-sided, with flat edges, slightly uneven or sharp, some with finger-like protrusions at one end and occasional bifurcation, with a diameter of 4-50(-60)? M, about 56(-64) long? M, finger protrusion is 14? m； Umbilical point is obvious, punctate, herringbone, short slit shape, occasionally horseshoe shape, mostly located at the smaller end. A plurality of particles are composed of 2-8 parts, wherein two parts are one big and one small or equal. Semi-compound lines have 2-5 umbilical points, and some side faces have 2-4 umbilical points; There are also semi-composite particles and graded particles. There are many single umbilical points, with 2-5(-7) umbilical points at the small end or near the center. Most of the three umbilical points are integrated into a triangle, and some are arranged in a row horizontally or vertically. 2. Surface view of the upper epidermis of Fritillaria Gansu scale: the cells are rectangular or square, with a length of 55-288? M, width 64-82? M, the vertical wall is wavy and curved, and some are intermittent; Occasionally, keratin plugs can be seen, showing fine spots. The gas is oblate or rectangular with a diameter of 55-66? M, 4-5 accessory cells. Powder: White-like starch granules are in the form of single circular triangle, triangular ellipse, quasi-circular, wide ellipse, bulbous, quasi-square, shell-shaped or shield-shaped, most of them are slightly flat (viewed as a rectangle on the side), some of them are slightly truncated or pointed at both ends, the edges are slightly concave and convex or slightly convex, and the diameter is 4-35(-40)? M, about 48(-56) long? m； Umbilical point is obvious, herringbone, horseshoe shape, big shape, cross shape, star shape, trident shape, point shape or crack shape, and the layering is faintly visible, and some are obvious. Multiple grains are rare and consist of 2(-8) parts. There are many semi-grains of different sizes, with umbilical point 2-4(-8). There are a few umbilicus points, 2-5(-8) umbilicus points, which are thin points and occasionally herringbone. 3. Surface view of the epidermis on the scale leaves of Fritillaria cirrhosa (Fritillaria cirrhosa): The cells are rectangular or polygonal, with a length of 87-235? M, width 2 1-42? M, the vertical walls are relatively straight, and some are bent like microwaves; Keratinous suppository is rare, mostly located in the transverse wall, showing fine particles; There are short-wave, V-shaped or curved horny textures on the surface of the flat peripheral wall, and slightly intermittent stripes on the vertical peripheral wall. Powder: White-like starch granules are mostly round triangle, triangular oval, shell-shaped, round or wide oval, with uniform shape and flat edges, with a diameter of 5-48(-56)? M, about 5 1? m； Umbilical point is mostly inconspicuous, and it is punctate or short-slit, located at the smaller end; The striation is clear and thick, especially near the umbilical point. There are few composite particles, which consist of 2-4 fractions. Semi-multiple grains and single grain with multiple umbilical points are rare. 4. Surface view of the upper epidermis of Fritillaria Haloxylon bulb: The cells are rectangular or long, and the length is 100-273? M, width 22-64? M, the vertical peripheral wall is microwave-like or wavy; Keratin plugs are linear, distributed in vertical peripheral walls or fine particles, and a few of them gather in spindle shape. The stomata are round with a diameter of 55-60? M, 4 accessory cells. Powder: White-like starch granules are generally oval (or slightly flat), bulbous, square, shield-shaped, shell-shaped and round, with slightly uneven edges and some protruding from one side or two corners, with a diameter of 5-54? M, about 66(-76) long? m； Umbilical point is obvious, each line is visible, herringbone, arc, horseshoe, big glyph, cross, trident or star, and the layering is faintly visible. There are a few compound granules, which are composed of 2-3(-5) scores, and the three scores are large and small. There are many semi-multiple lines, with 2-5 umbilical points, which are point-shaped, herringbone-shaped, cross-shaped or horseshoe-shaped. Some larger ones have 2-3 umbilical points, and some of them are combined with semi-multiple lines. There are many single umbilical points, with 2-4(-5) umbilical points, which are point-shaped, herringbone-shaped or trigeminal.
Processing method Processing method: remove impurities, soak in water, take out, moisten, peel off the heart and dry in the sun. 1. On Lei Gong Baking: Where Fritillaria is baked with willow ash to make it yellow and bruised, and there is a small heart on the inner mouth and nose, mix glutinous rice? Stir-fry until the rice is brown and cooked, and then take it out. 2. Description of Hook-Yuan Herbal Medicine: Soak in ginger juice, remove the heart,
Pharmaceutical technology of traditional Chinese medicine: [Commodity specification] Commercial Fritillaria cirrhosa is generally divided into loose shell, green shell and furnace shell. There are two types of loose shells, four types of green shells and two types of furnace shells. (1) First-grade Songbei: conical or nearly spherical, with two scaly petals, the big petal tightly clasps the small petal, the uncovered part is crescent-shaped, the top is closed and the base is flat. More than 240 capsules per 50g, without Huang Bei, oil shellfish and broken shellfish. Category II: within 240 capsules per 50g. There are Huang Bei, oil shellfish, broken shellfish and broken shellfish. I am equal. (2) Mytilus viridis Class I: oblate or nearly spherical, with two scales of similar size, closed or slightly open top and flat or round base. Every 50g exceeds 190, and the branch valve does not exceed 20%, and there is no Huang Bei, oil shellfish or broken shellfish. Second-class: every 50g exceeds 130, the split valve does not exceed 25%, the flower oil shellfish and flower Huang Bei do not exceed 5%, and there is no Huang Bei, oil shellfish or broken shellfish. Third-class: every 50g exceeds 100, the split valve does not exceed 30%, and the Huang Bei, oil shellfish and broken shellfish do not exceed 5%. Grade 4: Regardless of size, there are oil shellfish, broken shellfish and Huang Bei. (3) First-class furnace shell: long cone, with shell petals slightly like horse teeth. The surface is white. No matter the size, there are oil shells and white broken petals. Second-class: the surface is yellowish white or light brown, and some of them have brown spots. I am equal.
Chemical composition Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: It was reported that Fritillaria Fritillaria in early years. Bulbs were obtained from Fritillaria (Fritillaria, C38H62N203, melting point 167℃). There are other reports about Fritillaria Roy, but Fritillaria Zhejiang is actually used. The mussels in commercial Fritillaria cirrhosa (produced in Lijiang, Yunnan) contain peimine A (C27H43NO2, melting point 247-248℃). Bailubai (produced in Dawu, Sichuan) contains Vert imine (C27H43NO3, melting point155-157℃); Fritillaria cirrhosa (produced in Dawu, Sichuan) contains peimine A (C26H39O3N, melting point 258-260℃), and pine needles and pine needles (produced in Songpan, Sichuan) contain coniferine (C27H45NO3, melting point 256-258℃) and Pinbei. The properties of these sibemin are very similar to those of imperialine, and they may all be similar compounds. Shells produced by archery furnaces in western Sichuan contain conchine. Bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa (Fritillaria cirrhosa) contain peimine A.. 0. 12-0.2% of peimine A can be produced in dry medicinal materials, which is the highest known alkaloid content in all Fritillaria in China. The Im-perialine contained in the bulb of the German-made Diwanghua proves that it is diwanghualine, which is very similar to the structure of Fritillaria A. Two other alkaloids were isolated from Fritillaria Minxian, Gansu: Fritillaria Minxian (C27H43NO2, melting point 2 10-2 12℃) and Fritillaria Minxian (melting point 2 15-2 16℃). Bulbs of the same genus also contain other steroidal alkaloids: Lysimachia christinae contains solanine; Solanum nigrum contains solanine; F.Sewerzowi's bulbs and aerial parts contain Korsevine, Korseverine, Korsine, Korseverine, korsevamine, etc. It mainly contains steroid alkaloids, and contains sugars, saponins, sterols and lactone coumarins. The predecessors separated Fritillaria from commercial Fritillaria cirrhosa (Fritillaria cirrhosa). Modern research has separated coniferin and sucrose from Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs. Fritillaria hupehensis A and B were isolated from Fritillaria hupehensis. There are three kinds of Fritillaria A: tiravene, tiravenone and sipeimine. It is also said that Fritillaria cirrhosa ketone is obtained from commercial Fritillaria cirrhosa (F.Delavayi).
Pharmacological action: drug action and pharmacological action: 1. Effects on respiratory system: 1. 1. Antitussive effect: The antitussive effect of total alkaloids and non-alkali parts of Fritillaria was proved by the method of inducing cough with ammonia water in mice. However, the fluid extracts of ig family species in mice and wild Fritillaria cirrhosa have no obvious antitussive effect. The experiment of sulfur dioxide induced cough in mice showed that Fritillaria alkaloids also had no obvious antitussive effect. Ig Fritillaria saponin ⅱ can obviously prolong the cough latency in mice. It was found that both tissue-cultured Fritillaria cirrhosa and wild Fritillaria cirrhosa had obvious antitussive effect, and the antitussive rate was above 50% 30 minutes after administration (3.0g/kgig). At 60 minutes, the effects of Fritillaria cirrhosa and wild Fritillaria cirrhosa decreased, but the drug still had significant effects until 2 hours. Choose 30 minutes with strong antitussive effect, and give it according to 1.5g/kg and 3.0g/kg. It was found that the antitussive effect of tissue-cultured Fritillaria cirrhosa was the same as that of wild Fritillaria cirrhosa, and it increased with the increase of dose. The expectorant effect of 1.2: Phenol red excretion method was used in mice, and the dose of 3.9g/kg(ig) was used as the time-effect curve. 0.25% phenol red ((0.2ml/ 10g)) was given immediately after 30, 60 and 120 minutes respectively, and the absorbance at 558nm was measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that both tissue cultured Fritillaria cirrhosa and wild Fritillaria cirrhosa had expectorant effect, and the effect reached its peak after 60 minutes of administration, and weakened after 2 hours of administration. The peak aging time was 60 minutes, and the dosage was 1.5g/kg and 3.0g/kg. The results showed that the expectorant effect of two Fritillaria cirrhosa species increased with the increase of dosage. Other mice took Fritillaria Fritillariae Cirrhosae decoction 30g/kg, and the pain threshold decreased 60 minutes after taking it. 2.2. Anti-ulcer effect of1on pyloric ulcer in ligated rats: After fasting for 48 hours, anesthetized rats were laparotomy, and gastric pylorus were ligated. The total alkaloids of sc Pingbei (abbreviated as total alkaloids) were 3 mg/1.5 mg100g, and the control group was given equal volume of normal saline. Nine hours after administration, rats were decapitated and their gastric juice was collected. At the same time, the gastric juice volume, free acid, total acid and pepsin activity were measured, and the ulcer formation was observed with naked eyes. Results Both doses had obvious inhibitory effects on pepsin. Compared with the control group, the ulcer index of1.5 mg100g group was also significantly lower (P < 0.0 1). 2.2 Effect on stress ulcer: Observe the ulcer index of stress ulcer rats with the above dose. Results 1.5mg/ 100g group had obvious inhibitory effect compared with normal saline control group (P < 0.05). 2.3 Effect on gastric ulcer caused by indomethacin: Rats in each group were injected with indomethacin 40mg/kg intraperitoneally according to the above dose, and then killed, and the degree of ulcer was observed by taking stomach. Results 3.0mg/ 100g total alkaloids had inhibitory effect on gastric ulcer caused by indomethacin, which was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.0 1). 3. Other effects: Intravenous injection of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae has sustained blood pressure drop in anesthetized cats, accompanied by short-term respiratory depression, which can enhance the contraction of isolated uterus in guinea pigs and inhibit isolated intestine in rabbits, but has no effect of dilating pupils. The minimum lethal dose to mice was 40mg/ kg, and convulsions occurred before death, which also increased the blood sugar of rabbits. Imperialine has hypotensive effect on anesthetized dogs, mainly peripheral vasodilation, but has no obvious effect on ECG. It has obvious relaxing effect on isolated guinea pig ileum, rabbit duodenum, rat uterus and dog small intestine, and its spasmolytic effect is similar to papaverine. Intravenous injection of Fritillarine (4 mg/kg) can prevent the sustained blood pressure drop with short-term respiratory depression in anesthetized cats. Intravenous injection of 7.5- 1.6 mg/kg can increase blood sugar in rabbits; 1: 50000 can make the isolated guinea pig uterus contract, and 1: 100000 can inhibit the isolated rabbit intestine movement. The minimum lethal dose to mice is 40 mg/kg. Thunberg fritillary bulb can inhibit the central nervous system of experimental animals.
Toxicology: mice ig cultured Fritillaria cirrhosa and wild Fritillaria cirrhosa suspension, the maximum dose was 8.0g/kg. After observing 1 week, all activities of mice were normal, and there was no death. The ld50 of total alkaloids from Fritillaria Fritillaria was 84.2mg/kg, and the ip was 148.4mg/kg. Subacute toxicity: 36 mice were divided into three groups. The total alkaloids of sc in the treatment group were 0.3 and 0. 15mg/ 10g (equivalent to 1/5 and1/0 of LD50, respectively), and the control group had the same volume. The results showed that the total alkaloids had no effect on hemogram, liver function, renal function and various organs of mice.
It tastes bitter, cool and nontoxic.
Lung meridian, heart meridian and large intestine meridian.
Efficacy: Runfei Sanjie, relieving cough and resolving phlegm.
Indications: cough due to fatigue, vomiting blood and hemoptysis, chest obstruction, lung flaccidity, lung carbuncle, scrofula, laryngitis and breast carbuncle.
Administration and dosage: decocted, 1-3 yuan; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: grinding, spraying or application.
It is not suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, and it is not suitable for people with phlegm and dampness. 1. Notes on Materia Medica: Magnolia officinalis and Ampelopsis grossedentata. Bad peach blossom I am afraid of Gentiana macrophylla, ettringite and weeds. Anti-aconite. 2. Classic of Materia Medica: Cold-dampness phlegm blocks food accumulation and phlegm fire is used for cough, wet phlegm is disgusting and nauseous, drinking phlegm is used for cold and heat, spleen and stomach wet phlegm is used for dizziness, phlegm and headache, and nausea and vomiting are prohibited.
counteraction
Drug compatibility
Identification application
Classic selection
clinical application
Various factions discuss "Materia Medica Needless to Say": Fritillaria can dispel the stagnation in the heart and is very useful for treating people who are unhappy and depressed. Wang: Fritillaria is also divided into drugs according to lung meridian and qi. Zhongjing is used to treat wind-cold and chest obstruction, but there is no exogenous heat syndrome. There are three kinds of small chest-sinking soup, and white powder can also be used, so there are Fritillaria in it. Cheng Wuji cloud: bitter and bitter, the bitterness of Platycodon grandiflorum and Fritillaria cirrhosa, used to reduce qi. Compendium of Materia Medica: Pinellia ternata is poisonous, so Fritillaria is used instead. Fritillaria is the medicine of Taiyin lung meridian, and Pinellia is the medicine of Taiyin spleen meridian and Yangming stomach meridian. How to replace? Xu Ruo's cough, vomiting blood and hemoptysis, lung flaccidity, lung abscess, breast abscess, carbuncle, women's depression, Pinellia ternata is taboo, Fritillaria is a guide, so it can still be replaced. As for damp-heat in the spleen and stomach, saliva turns into sputum, and if it lasts for a long time, it will make a fire, and if the sputum attacks, it will be a disease of fragrance, servant and astringency, which is a matter of life and death. Can Fritillaria be substituted? Materia Medica Jing Shu: Fritillaria, lung heat, so phlegm, or heat evil, must be the main cause. Its main cause is typhoid fever, which is bitter and can relieve summer heat. In case of drenching, there is heat in the small intestine, and the heart and small intestine are exterior and interior. If you clear your family's heart knot, the heat in your small intestine will also be relieved. Evil, evil heat, pungent and loose knot, bitter to drive away evil qi, cold to gather heat, so the main evil is also. The Classic says: One yin and one yang form laryngitis, one yin is less than yin and fire is the same, and one yang is less than yang and fire is the same, which can relieve the heat of less yin and less yang, and remove the heat in the chest, then laryngitis will heal itself. If it is difficult to breastfeed, the qi of Foot Jueyin and Foot Yangming will stagnate, while Xin can promote qi and relieve qi, so it is difficult to breastfeed. Pyrolysis leads to cooling blood, and cooling blood leads to no pain, so it is the main cause of golden sore. Heat causes wind, so the wind is convulsive. "Bielu" also treats those who have a strong stomach and a full heart, those who wash away the cold, and the lungs control the fur. If you are dizzy, the heat will attack you. Straight, that is, wind spasm. Cough goes up with qi, and qi goes up against it. Those who are tired, hot, thirsty and unable to get rid of evil, and unable to sweat, are also full of evil heat. Its nature specializes in resolving stagnation and clearing heat, so all the syndromes come from healing. When the disease goes away, the five internal organs will be safe. Bone marrow is selfish. "Don't show": it can cure abdominal distension, fullness in the heart, aversion to wind and cold, dizziness, straightness of the neck, cough, upper qi, restlessness, thirst, sweating, calming the five internal organs and benefiting bone marrow. Theory of medicinal properties: treat deficiency-heat and take it at the end of dystocia; He also treated premature delivery, and finally took seven tablets to drink; Finally, remove the skin of the eyes; It is the same as Forsythia suspensa. Materia Medica: Fritillaria, a medicine for relieving depression, lowering qi and resolving phlegm. Moistening lung, resolving phlegm, relieving cough and asthma are the symptoms of fatigue fire, and Fritillaria is the first drug specially treated. Therefore, using Anemarrhena asphodeloides can clear qi and nourish yin; Compatibility of Qin and Lian can clear phlegm and reduce fire; Ginseng can be supplemented but not aggregated; Matching less, adjustable gas camp; Compatibility with forsythia can relieve depression and treat hypochondriac diseases; It can be used in combination with the second generation of Pinellia ternata, which can tonify the lung and resolve phlegm, and also reduce the fire in the upper middle. The above repairs and use must be made in Sichuan. If carbuncle detoxifies, the crux is broken, phlegm disappears, and malignant sores are applied, it is better to use soil. Sichuanese taste better, while locals taste worse and more bitter, so they can be used separately. Materia Medica: Both Pinellia ternata and Fritillaria treat phlegm and cough. But Pinellia ternata treats both spleen and lung, and Fritillaria is better at clearing gold. Pinellia ternata uses its pungent, Fritillaria uses its bitter; Pinellia is warm, and Fritillaria is cool; Pinellia ternata is fast and Fritillaria is slow; Banxia dispels cold, and Fritillaria clears heat; Sexual taste is yin and yang, which is very different. It's ridiculous that customs have substitutes. ..... accumulated heat in the chest, carbuncle in the chest, phlegm and tuberculosis. "Drug meaning": Fritillaria, bitter in taste, flat in nature and clear in taste, is used in the heart and lungs to treat phlegm stasis, phlegm deficiency, heat phlegm, blood in phlegm, cough due to fatigue, chest and diaphragm adverse qi, irritability and heat, which leads to downward conduction of heat and self-interest in phlegm. Taking it to benefit the lower body is toxic, and dispersing qi is toxic. Using it to treat lung flaccidity, lung abscess, tuberculosis and carbuncle can relieve depression, disperse stagnation, promote blood circulation and remove stasis. It also takes its cool nature to preserve health, regulate temper, treat stomach fire, flush lung gold, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough, clear qi and nourish yin, and calm lung. Changsha liquid medicine: Fritillaria is bitter and cold, which can clear away heat and cool gold, reduce turbidity and resolve phlegm. Its strength is not small, but it can clear gold without losing stomach qi, which is very commendable. Classic: Treating typhoid fever, stranguria, hernia, laryngitis, lactation difficulty, golden sore and wind spasm. Herbal medicine for daily use: resolving phlegm and moistening the heart and lungs. Finally, sugar is made into pills to stop coughing; Ash burning oil is suitable for malignant sores of human beings and animals. Materia Medica: Treating tumors can protect the heart, astringe and detoxify.
Textual research comes from southern Yunnan materia medica 1. "Lei Gong Baking Theory": Fritillaria has a single ball without making two pieces without wrinkles, and it is called Dan Longjing, so it is not needed. If you take it by mistake, it will never stop your muscles. Take Li Yu with Polygonatum and olive juice. 2. "Tang Herbal Medicine": Fritillaria, leaves like garlic. Garlic is easy to pick when it is cooked in April. 10 If the seedlings wither in October, the roots will be poor. Runzhou, Jingzhou and Xiangzhou are the best. There are also States in Jiangnan. 3. Materia Medica: Fritillaria is found in today's rivers, Jiangling Prefecture, Ying, Shou, Sui, Zheng, Lai, Run and Chuzhou. Roots have petals, yellow and white; The seedlings born in February have thin and blue stems; The leaves are also green, like buckwheat leaves, which come out with the seedlings; It blooms in July, bright green, shaped like a drum flower; In August, the roots were collected and dried. There are several kinds. Yan's "Poetry" adopts its Weng. Lu Ji's Shu says: Fritillaria also has tiny leaves of Trichosanthes kirilowii, and its son is like taro under the root, white and square, miscellaneous and rotten. This is the case with people who take shortcuts today. Guo Pu notes "Erya" cloud: white flowers, leaves like leeks. This kind of situation is rare. 4. "Ben Feng Jingyuan": Fritillaria, Chuanbei is the best, Western is thin, Xiangshan is slightly bitter, and big and bitter can only be detoxified. And enter the heart. All drugs for treating lung meridian should remove heart, not only Fritillaria. 5. "Hundred Herbs Mirror": The one out of Sichuan is called North Sichuan, the one out of Xiangshan is called North Hunan, and the greatest one is called North Earth. Sichuan's products are sweet and slightly bitter, unlike other products that are unwilling to suffer blindly. 6. Textual research on plant names and facts: Fritillaria, according to Lu Shu, is considered as small as the leaves of Trichosanthes kirilowii, as leek, and as buckwheat leaves in Song Tu Jing. Opinions vary, and there are several original pictures, which are not quite right. Men in Sichuan have a leaf and a stem, and the leaves are quite like buckwheat leaves. Born in Diancang Mountain, Dali Prefecture, with leaves slightly like leeks and blue flowers, it is no different from Malanhua. Are the fruits the same? Zhang Zishi:' There are hundreds of vines in front of the steps of Fritillaria, and two tung trees around the leaves', and there are Parthenocissus tricuspidata. 7. There is no clear distinction between Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria thunbergii and Fritillaria thunbergii in the Fritillaria documents before the Outline. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that someone said that it would be nice to have a Sichuan-style person. After Fritillaria thunbergii, Herbal Zheng Zheng established another Fritillaria thunbergii. In the Qing Dynasty, Fritillaria thunbergii and Fritillaria thunbergii's sexual and taste functions were attached to Fritillaria thunbergii. However, previous descriptions of its origin, morphology and attached drawings have included Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria thunbergii of Liliaceae and Fritillaria cirrhosa of Cucurbitaceae. Therefore, the description of sexual and taste functions does not refer to Fritillaria cirrhosa, but in recent years, Fritillaria cirrhosa has the most plant species and the widest distribution range, so this paper is attached with the ancient generic information of Fritillaria cirrhosa. See Fritillaria thunbergii and Fritillaria thunbergii strips.
B: northern Zhejiang
Chinese name Fritillaria thunbergii
Pinyin code ZBM
Alias Fritillaria thunbergii, Fritillaria thunbergii, Fritillaria thunbergii, Fritillaria thunbergii and Fritillaria thunbergii.
Latin famous medicinal material Fritillaria thunbergii, the original plant of Fritillaria thunbergii.
English name BulbofThunbergFritillary
Expectorant and antitussive drugs
The medicinal material was originally the bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii of Liliaceae.
Distribution of drug sources and animal and plant resources: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan and other places.
Ecological environment of animals and plants: it is born in wet ridges, hillsides, ditches and grasslands near villages.
Cultivation of medicinal animals and plants: 1. Climate and soil: I like mild climate, especially humus and sandy loam with deep and loose soil layers and good drainage. 2. Soil preparation: firstly, compost and manure are applied as base fertilizer. Then, make a 1m wide boundary with deep ploughing and fine harrow. 3. Planting: propagate with bulbs, and select healthy and disease-free bulbs in the first and middle months of 10. According to the row spacing of 15- 18cm, the groove depth is 6cm. There are 12- 15cm bulbs. Do not put it upside down, cover it with fine soil, and cover it with straw or fallen leaves to prevent freezing. It can take root that year and germinate the next spring. 4. Field management: after germination, remove the mulch and weed with pine trees for 5-6 times, preferably with a shallow hoe to avoid damaging the roots. Topdressing for 3 times in the growth period, the first time 1 time was around beginning of spring, the second time was after the fright, and the third time was around Qingming. Top dressing mainly consists of human excrement, bean cake and sulfuric acid. Wait for it to dry before watering it. Buds and flowers must be picked before flowering.
Collect and store in May-June, excavate, wash soil, and divide into different sizes. The big one took the heart bud and split it in two, showing the shape of an ingot, called an ingot, and the small one called a pearl shell. Put it in a cleaning cage, wipe off the skin, add lime and mix well. After one night, let the lime penetrate, dry or dry.
Bitter and cold in nature.
Meridian: lung, triple energizer, stomach and liver.
The effects of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, resolving stagnation and detoxicating.
Indications: wind-heat cough, lung carbuncle, throat obstruction, lymph node tuberculosis, sores and swelling.
Usage and dosage: decocted, 1.5-3 yuan RMB; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: grinding powder.