Summary usually includes
Title, author, abstract, keywords, text and references.
The body part consists of preface, body and summary.
The preface is written like this:
200 ~ 300 words, ask questions, including the purpose, significance and function of writing, outline the history, data source, current situation and development trend of the problem, relevant concepts and definitions, choose the purpose and motivation, application value and practical significance of this topic, and point out the focus of the debate if it is a controversial topic.
Subject: It mainly includes arguments and arguments. By asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, the author compares the similarities and differences of various viewpoints and their theoretical basis, thus embodying the author's views. In order to make the question clear and thorough, it can be divided into several subheadings. This part should include historical development, current situation analysis and trend prediction.
Writing of the main part
(1) vertical writing
"Vertical" means "an overview of historical development". Mainly around a topic,
According to the chronological order or the development level of the project itself, the historical evolution,
The current situation and trend forecast are described vertically.
So as to outline the context and development track of a specific topic.
Vertical writing should grasp the context clearly, and vertical writing is suitable for dynamic review.
This review clearly describes the development trend of this subject.
(2) horizontal writing
It is a discussion of a certain topic at home and abroad.
Such as various viewpoints, opinions, methods and achievements.
Describe and compare them. Through horizontal comparison, we can not only distinguish between various
The advantages and disadvantages of viewpoints, opinions, methods and achievements can be seen.
International level, domestic level and the level of this unit, so as to find the gap.
Horizontal writing is suitable for summarizing achievements. This comment is aimed at someone
New achievements in an aspect or a project, such as new theories, new ideas, new inventions,
New methods, new technologies, new progress, etc.
(3) Combination of vertical and horizontal writing
In the same review, both vertical and horizontal writing methods are adopted. For example,
The historical background is written vertically and the current situation is written horizontally.
Only through the description of "vertical" and "horizontal" can literature be comprehensively integrated.
A comprehensive and systematic understanding of a subject and its development direction,
Make a more reliable trend forecast and choose a breakthrough for new research work.
Or provide a reference.
Compilation of abstract:
It is mainly to summarize the main contents of the theme part, focus on comments, put forward conclusions, and it is best to put forward your own views and put forward opinions for and against it.
References:
There should be enough references when writing a summary, which is the basis of writing a summary. In addition to showing respect for the work of the cited person and showing the basis of the cited materials, it is more important for readers to provide clues to find relevant documents when discussing some issues in depth.
For example: reference materials:
Lou, Liu Wuli. Treatment of spastic paralysis after stroke by purging yin and tonifying yang [J]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, 2OO2,18 (12):1-2.
[2] Liu Wuli, Ouyang Jianjun, Yue Zenghui, et al. Ideas and methods of acupuncture in treating spastic paralysis after stroke [J]. China Acupuncture, 2003,23 (6): 361-362.
[3] Chen. Effect of acupuncture and exercise therapy on upper limb spasm in hemiplegic patients [J]. China's rehabilitation theory and practice, 2OO4, 10 (12): 744.
J= Journal M= Books S= Standards or Specifications C= Essays
G= network N= newspaper Z= file D= paper.
Frequently asked questions about summarizing manuscripts
There are too many files listed, and the references are improper.
1) documents summarizing the arguments and arguments of the paper;
2) documents that provide a solid foundation for analysis and discussion;
3) Literature providing experimental basis for theory and mechanism;
4) Pay attention to quoting famous journals;
5) Replace the old document with the new document.
Write a summary for the lecture.
Summaries are written by professionals for the same major and related professionals. Lectures are written by professionals for "big peers" of non-related majors, and generally do not need too much depth.
The most striking feature of writing a summary into a lecture is that the article contains a lot of basic knowledge, and even the charts in the textbook have been moved here, so the article is lengthy and not deep enough.
Low experimental basis is insufficient, mostly speculative content;
● The content is scattered, the focus is not prominent, and there is no systematic concept after reading it;
● List documents without analysis and discussion;
● The topic is very big, but the specific content is not much;
● There have been many reports with no obvious characteristics in China;
● Wrong views, wrong principles and weak persuasion;
● The content is superficial and the depth is not enough, which fails to reflect significant progress;
Low language expression and structure is poor, and it is very difficult to modify;
● The credibility of data sources is poor and the weight is not enough;
● The literature is not fully digested, the thinking is unclear and inconsistent;
● The title is not original, the content is outdated, and the text is lengthy;
Let me show you several websites: 1, My Collection of Writing Guidance Materials/content/090222/00/92361_ 261171.html.