Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies who sank in Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace, was the last recipient of feudal society. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, when Aisin Giorro Puyi proclaimed himself emperor, Wang Guowei was employed as the official residence of Wu Pin. When Emperor Xuan Tong was expelled from the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang, and the emperor was driven off the stage of history, he had to jump into Kunming Lake with these five products and was cornered. People found his suicide note in his belt, which said, "Fifty years, just one death, and after this, there will be no humiliation." Pu Yi was deeply moved after reading The Legacy Fold, and wrote an imperial edict, saying that Wang Guowei was "lonely and loyal, deeply worried about me" and "loyal in times of crisis, embarrassed to see it at home and abroad", so he specially "thanked Qi Zhong". Pu Xian, the son of Beizi, was sent to pay a memorial service, and the Tarot Sutra was awarded as a funeral with two thousand silver dollars. Kang Youwei, a man of the hour in the late Qing Dynasty, died suddenly three months before Wang Guowei committed suicide. Kang's protege applied to Puyi for "Renyi" posthumous title, but was rejected. This shows that Puyi has special respect for Wang Guowei's "martyrdom".
Wang Guowei lived in the darkest and most turbulent period in China's modern history. The drastic changes of the times and the decline of culture made him despair of the world and life. The soul of this master of Chinese studies is lonely and pessimistic, so he will feel that "fifty years, just one death." His suicide left a deep shock and regret to future generations, a great regret to the cultural circles in China, the most tragic "mystery" in the history of China studies, and a mystery to future generations. According to historical records, some Qing dynasty elders at that time compared Wang Guowei to Qu Yuan who drowned himself in the Miluo River.
Wang Guowei's death was an active choice, just like going to an old friend's date in peace, without any passion. It is this calmness towards death that marks Wang Guowei's unique position in cultural history. Wang Guowei is a philosopher who is both reasonable and rational. He is also a weak and melancholy person, but he is sensitive and sensitive. Under the long-term influence of traditional culture, his emotional tendency is more obvious, and he regards the survival of the Qing court as his spiritual pillar. So after the Qing Dynasty, he still wore a braid. Wang Guowei's life is a life of confusion and pain, and also a life of seeking liberation. "Self-destruction" is his rational choice and the result of his solution to the "paradox of life".
There are different opinions about the cause of his death. There are controversies such as the theory of double suicide, the theory of forcing debts, the theory of fear, the theory of remonstrance, the theory of cultural belief and the theory of various factors. But in any case, he traded his physical death for spiritual immortality. Nevertheless, people at that time and later thought it was not worth it.
The Draft of Qing History contains 496 biographies of Wang Guowei and 283 biographies: Wang Guowei, a native of Ning 'an, Jianghai, Zhejiang. Don't use literary names. When I was young, when I talked about reform and self-improvement, I learned oriental languages, English and German in Europe, and went to Japan to study. Common sense of agriculture, philosophy, psychology, theory, etc. Adjust departments, make libraries, and compile terminology. 19 1 1 years later, he took his family to the east to study Chinese studies. It is said: "Nishan's learning is to believe in the past, and today people believe in the present and doubt the past, and they have intensified their efforts and will never return." Therefore, it is my duty to go against the classics and believe in the ancient times. There are many works, the essence of which is twenty volumes of Guanlin. Returning to China for ten years to teach self-sufficiency. In winter in Ren Xu, the former governor of Shaanxi but Gansu was recommended to study in the south, ate five kinds of food and repeatedly said things, all of which were praised. Jiazi winter, in case of change, Guowei vowed to die. Driving to Tianjin, Ding Mao in spring and summer, the situation is getting worse and worse, and Guo Wei is furious. On the third day of May, I sank in Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace. The family members left with ink, knowing that they would die, and said, "Fifty years, only one death is needed! After this world change, shameless. " Be loyal, be loyal. People at home and abroad, knowing and not knowing, are very important.
Wang Guowei's research covers literature, history, philosophy, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Confucian classics, philology and aesthetics. He is an all-round academic giant with outstanding achievements and a generation of masters of Chinese studies who integrate Chinese and western cultures. His Comments on a Dream of Red Mansions and Tales on Earth are recognized as masterpieces in the history of China's criticism. His book History of Song and Yuan Dynasties is a pioneering work in the study of China's traditional opera history, which enjoys a lofty position in the history of literature. He is also one of the founders of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Dunhuang Studies. He has been highly praised by academic circles at home and abroad for his close reference to historical documents and unearthed materials. He is an academic master who is a historian, writer, archaeologist, lyricist, epitaph, aesthetician and translation theorist, leaving behind 62 works and more than 200 ancient books. His Preface to the Falling of Quicksand, Preface to Textual Research of Yin Ruins, Record of Jinwen in Song Dynasty, Textual Research of Oracle in Yin Ruins and Yin Zhou System are all epoch-making works. Almost all his historical papers were invented and innovated, and then they were compiled into 20 volumes of Guanlin. Among Wang Guowei's academic works, history is the most profound, literature is the most basic, and many other aspects are involved. His achievements in the history of Yin and Zhou Dynasties, the history of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the study of ancient Chinese characters are unprecedented, surpassing contemporary scholars, which is really remarkable.
Wang Guowei is known as "China's academic terminator for nearly 300 years and academic pioneer for nearly 80 years". Liang Qichao praised him as "a scholar not only owned by China, but also owned by the whole world". Lu Xun praised Wang Guowei's book "The Simple Story of Quicksand" and said: "When it comes to Chinese studies, it can be considered as a book that has been studied." Guo Moruo, on the other hand, commented that "what he left us was the product of his knowledge, and it was like a pavilion in Cui Wei, which brilliantly released a strange brilliance on the old school barriers for thousands of years". "What predecessors have failed to do, what pedants dare not say". Guo Moruo once again highly summarized Wang Guowei in his book Comment on Lu Xun and Wang Guowei.
Wang Guowei wrote in "Ci on Earth": "The great cause of ancient and modern times and the questioner of the university must go through three realms. Last night, the west wind withered the trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon. This is the first place. "I don't regret the widening of my belt, I am haggard for Iraq." This is also the second situation. The crowd looked for him for thousands of Baidu, and suddenly looking back, the man was in the dim light', which was also the third place. "Wang Guowei's' realm theory' gives people a refreshing feeling. His accurate comments on the works of many poets have been regarded as the standard of judgment by many people for one hundred years. "Three realms" are three processes that almost everyone has to go through in his life: love, career and wealth. The first situation: confusion. Seeing mountains is mountains, and seeing water is water; The second condition: persistence, seeing mountains is not mountains, and seeing water is not water; The third realm: return to nature, see mountains or mountains, see water or see water. Deep Zen, so that future generations of IELTS found a place of sustenance, for decades no one can match.
It is a pity that the master left suddenly and failed to leave more dazzling achievements for future generations. His book Loyalty and Righteousness, the Last posthumous title of the Feudal Dynasty is incomparable in the history of literary achievements. That posthumous title, rarely mentioned, has long been blown away by the wind and rain; But the words left by the master, "Never before, never after", are as eternal as the name of the master.