Papers and topics can be used to evaluate professional titles. Papers belong to academic achievements, and topics belong to performance achievements. Papers and topics can be submitted at the same time, and there is no conflict in bonus points, but both papers and topics need money, and the signature fee for topics is usually cheaper and the bonus points are higher.

Topics and papers are completely different and have their own characteristics:

First, the topic is more targeted.

The thesis takes the central argument as the axis, and its content and subject matter are very extensive. The problem that the paper wants to solve or can solve is only to illustrate the practical guiding significance of the argument; The topic is problem-centered, has clear pertinence to the problem, and focuses on how to solve the problem. A new idea (or viewpoint) is just a guiding ideology, that is, an idea or soul that guides the whole research and practice process. The subject aims at and solves problems, so its way, method and process of solving problems are more operational.

Second, the project is ahead of schedule

Thesis is often a summary or theoretical sublimation of successful attempts. However, the theme is different. Although we need to sum up the successful experience of solving the problem, we must try again in order to be verified in practice. In particular, it is more or mainly aimed at unresolved problems, and the project can be established before the problem is solved, and the problem can be solved through study and practice. This is the advance of the project.

If individual teachers, teaching and research groups or departments can't complete the project, it can only show that your teaching and research tasks are unclear and there is no scientific research goal. At least you don't know what the main problems affecting your teaching or work are, and your main direction is unknown.

Third, the research of the subject is a complete and systematic process.

From the content and procedure of the project research: (1) Project proposal (Why should the project research be started? The negative impact of the problem? Necessity? ); (2) the connotation and main contents of the discipline; (3) Theoretical basis for solving problems; (4) the actual operation process (ways, methods and ways) to solve the problem; (5) Investigate and sort out all kinds of necessary information and data; (6) Verification of results; (7) the characteristics and significance of the discipline. The whole process is carried out in logical order, forming a unified whole of the system, which is more objective. Pay attention to the research process, pay attention to the continuous feedback of practice and effect in the process, and adjust and improve accordingly. The final written material is only a record of the objective research process or a theorization and systematization.

Fourth, the integrity of the research.

Project research is usually a process of team cooperation. For example, according to the characteristics of the subject and facing the common problems of the members of the teaching and research group in the teaching process, the teaching and research group can choose topics that need to be solved urgently, so it conducts project research. To complete the project research of the group may involve all aspects of teaching, so it is necessary for the group members to divide their work from specific aspects and strive for a breakthrough. This has formed a teacher's personal project, which is also a sub-project of the teaching and research group. In other words, teachers' personal research is closely related to the research of the teaching and research group, and the sub-topics engaged by each member constitute the overall content of the research group. Finally, the individual research results are comprehensively tried and sorted out to jointly complete the scientific research tasks of the group. It can be seen that topic research is different from papers, and papers can be done by themselves. This discipline emphasizes the division of labor and cooperation, gives full play to the overall synergy, and achieves scientific research goals.

V. Admissibility of the research.

Papers are not written, and accidental gains in one aspect can form papers. If several papers are internally related, a unified idea can be formed. If the project is established as a subject, and then through systematic thinking and practical verification, the research results of the subject can be produced. Here, the paper becomes the reference material for your research, and the viewpoints in the paper become the theoretical basis of the research. In this special case, the subject can also be completed by teachers independently. But it can't be completed in a short time, but the result of years of practice, long-term accumulation, systematic synthesis and theoretical sublimation.