1. A wide range of writing.

There are two kinds of understanding of topic composition: narrow sense and broad sense. Narrow understanding: the topics are "composition topic", "composition theme" and "composition center". "Words" means talking, so the writing of topic composition must closely focus on the topic. Broad understanding: as long as it is related to the topic, as long as it is created within the scope of the topic. At this time, the topic is only equivalent to a "head".

2. Reduce the difficulty of the exam.

Because the narrow sense and broad sense of topic composition are correct, topic composition is more conducive to students to say what they want to say and what they really want to say, so their ideas and materials are more free.

3. Flexible and diverse expressions.

Whether it is narrative, argumentative, expository, novel, fairy tale, fable, or even drama and poetry. As long as it meets the needs of topic narration, it can become the carrier of composition.

Because of the above three characteristics, it will give candidates more writing space, which will help candidates to exert their creativity, cultivate their innovative ability and improve their Chinese literacy.

Topic composition has less restrictions on style and content; The range of materials and ideas is wider; The freedom of conception is more conducive to students' composition innovation, thus becoming a new trend of composition.

(B) Writing guidance

Examining questions is one of the most basic tasks in exam composition. The proposer of the topic composition often uses macro thinking when doing the topic, which makes the proposed topic very large and abstract in scope and meaning. This requires candidates to have a process of "turning the big into the small, turning the meaning into the image", defining, dividing and refining the topic with fine thinking, igniting the spark of thought, expanding the thinking of examining the topic, and then cutting into the proposed topic from a fine angle. Then, how to "turn the big into the small and turn the meaning into the image" when examining the topic composition? Try the following methods.

1. Classification

Classification is a logical method to distinguish the extension of concepts. A concept can be classified according to different standards. Each standard can be divided into several categories, and the same category can be divided into several subcategories. The smaller the extension of the concept, the richer the connotation of the concept. This inverse relationship between extension and connotation makes it possible to refine the examination of conceptual questions.

If "beauty" is the topic of composition, it is very necessary to classify "beauty" when examining the topic. There may be different opinions about what beauty is, which is difficult to unify, but the classification of beauty is easy to form a kind of * * * knowledge, whether in the aesthetic field or in the general public. Beauty includes natural beauty, social beauty and artistic beauty. Natural beauty is the beauty of natural objects in the objective world, including the sun, moon and stars, mountains and rivers, vegetation, flowers, birds, insects and fish. The beauty of natural objects is often manifested in the beauty of form, color, sound and synthesis. Social beauty refers to the beauty of other social phenomena except natural beauty in real life, such as the beauty of human beings, the beauty of labor and the beauty of labor products. If the "human beauty" is further refined, it can be divided into several small categories, such as human beauty, human language beauty, and human thought (personality, sentiment, talent) beauty. Further analysis shows that "human beauty" can be further divided into appearance beauty, body beauty and skin color beauty. "Artistic beauty" refers to the beauty contained in artistic works, such as painting beauty, music beauty, sculpture beauty, architecture beauty and the beauty of comprehensive use of various artistic means. With this classification, the thinking is more and more open, the thinking is more and more specific, and there are more angles of self-perception, so it is easy to cut in and write a good composition.

limit

Restriction refers to a method of examining topics in conceptual topic composition, which enriches and expands the connotation of concepts and refines topics by adding decorative restrictive elements before concepts.

If you write a topic composition with the "starting point" as the content range of the composition, you can add modification and restriction elements before the "starting point" to achieve the purpose of refining and cutting in. Such as "the starting point of travel", "the starting point of life", "the starting point of career" and "the starting point of long-distance running" ... With this idea, if you go deeper, you will get further gains, such as "stations, docks and airports are the starting points of travel, birth is the starting point of life, participation in work is the starting point of career, enrollment is the starting point of study, and the starting line is the starting point of long-distance running. ...

Another example is the topic of "facing defects". When examining questions, it is inevitable to think about where the "defects" come from and what problems they are manifested in. Think about it carefully, there are many things to write, such as "facing physical defects", "facing personality defects", "facing cultural foundation defects", "facing artistic works defects" and "facing labor product defects".

intersect

For topic composition, methods such as classification and restriction are often carried out within the maximum extension of the topic, which can ensure that the topic will not deviate from the meaning of the topic and maximize the relevance and integration, but the thinking space is not broad enough by these methods alone. By crossing, breaking through the extension of the topic and expanding the line of sight to the perspective of the relationship between the topic and other things, learners will have better choices. The basic forms of intersection are "A and X", where A is the topic, as a constant factor, equivalent to a constant in algebra, and X is something related to the topic, which can be replaced and equivalent to a variable in algebra. "A" and "X" have their own independent extensions. To form a sub-topic in the form of "A" and "X" is to seek the intersection of two conceptual extensions and take this as the starting point of the composition.

If you write a composition on reading, you can use this method to draw up some smaller topics, such as reading and being a man, reading and aesthetics, reading and composition, reading and research and invention, reading and work, reading in class and reading outside class.

replace

In addition to the topic, the topic composition generally includes materials, tips, requirements and other parts. Material is the source of topic selection, and it often contains a certain writing angle. Prompt is a prompt made by the proposer to inspire the author's thinking when examining the questions. Often in addition to the writing angle provided by the materials, one or two angles are provided, so as to draw inferences and broaden one's thinking. Paying attention to and studying the known angles provided by materials and hints, being good at communication and carrying out three-dimensional thinking are the keys to the success of topic composition. One of the common ways to expand ideas is "replacement". For example:

A classmate wanted to go home to be his beloved model airplane after school, but his friend insisted on dragging him to the movies. He was embarrassed to refuse. A national civil servant, his conscience tells him that he has committed the crime of accepting bribes, but when dozens of dollars are placed on the coffee table, he is powerless to refuse.

Saying "no" to the trend is the pursuit of individuality; To say "no" to power is to defend equal rights. ...

Please take "learn to say' no'" as the topic, choose your own angle, write a composition of not less than 800 words, and choose your own style.

In the above questions, both materials and tips are enlightening. Hints are listed, and the sentence pattern of "saying' no' to ..." provides learners with two alternative angles. It is essential to cut into the three-dimensional by using a ready-made angle, but it is easy for everyone to hit the same "lane". If we can find another way and choose another angle, it is easy to get a better impression because of the renovation of the angle. In fact, there are many things to say "no" ... except "fashion" and "power", such as "doting", "plagiarism", "entering higher schools", "America", "Japan", "extravagance" and "insulting personality" ... In short, all bad phenomena and anything that goes against my subjective will can be said. In this way, "trend" and "power" are replaced by other words by substitution method.

In 2002, we can also use this way to open our minds when examining the composition topics of the college entrance examination. On the question of what to choose, we can list such things as choosing colleges and majors, choosing careers, choosing outlook on life, choosing lifelong partners, choosing war and peace, choosing truth and falsehood, choosing reading materials, and choosing learning methods that suit us.

5. Along the exhibition

Along the exhibition is a way to explore the meaning of the topic from the original meaning of the topic through extension and metaphor, and to expand and deepen the topic from the outside to the inside. Of course, there is no need to explain this method in detail to a primary school student. The key is to see teachers guide students effectively under the guidance of this method.

For example, writing a composition on the topic of "net" should be good at developing rich associations around "net" and excavating various meanings of "net". To this end, we must first make it clear that the original meaning of "net" is "an instrument woven with rope for fishing or catching birds", such as a fishing net; On this basis, the meaning is more abstract, referring to "things like nets", such as spider webs, power grids, ball nets, net towels, net bags and so on. The further abstract "network" can also be extended to "organizations or systems criss-crossing like networks". In this sense, common "networks" include communication networks, transportation networks, propaganda networks, information networks, relational networks, legal networks and so on. There are many actions and behaviors related to the "net", such as "netting, nesting, networking, surfing, mending the net, trapping yourself, leaking the net, breaking the net ...", and this association and continuous extension will produce a domino effect, so that we can fully understand the various meanings of the "net" in a short time and easily find one of them.

Classification, restriction, crossing, substitution, exhibition and other methods of composition examination can often make the topic much smaller, rare and easy. However, it should be noted that this is not a strict scientific classification. There are some other scientific methods that can be used in the actual examination, and it is not uncommon to use several methods comprehensively. As long as we understand carefully and are good at exploring and summarizing, we will certainly overcome the problem that the topic of application is too big and inappropriate, and the phenomenon of poor thinking and sameness will disappear, so that writing a good composition on the topic will be more secure.

According to the form and characteristics of the topic composition, we should pay attention to: first, we should read the hints carefully and understand all the directions implied by the hints, so that we can conceive from multiple angles later. Secondly, we should correctly choose the conception angle of the composition. Intention requirements:

(1) The thinking should be correct, positive and in line with objective reality.

(2) the intention should be concentrated, and there is only one central meaning.

(3) The idea should be novel and the angle cut should be small.

(4) Have profound ideas, choose the life sentiment that you have the most experience, and dig out the details of life.

These four requirements should be followed in all compositions, but if we can't take into account the novel and profound requirements in a short time, we must first be correct and concentrated.

Due to the limitation of time and space, especially in the examination room, it is impossible for us to write everything we think. Moreover, although topic composition allows us to speak freely, composition is, after all, an important window to show whether everyone's world outlook and right and wrong are correct and healthy. Therefore, you must have a correct idea before writing, and don't write characters, events and phenomena that you can't understand easily. In short, if you want to write a good composition about the topic, you should choose the right angle of conception.

[Thinking development 1]

The simplest things often contain the most complicated contents or truths, such as "people", "one", "zero", "people need to eat", "cells" and "atoms".

Requirements: Contact the reality of life, take "simplicity" as the topic, and choose a specific thing to tell this truth. Style is not limited.

Seeing this seemingly simple topic, our thinking can't be "simple". First of all, we should carefully analyze the connotation and focus of the topic, and make clear the writing scope provided by the topic; Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the topic from multiple angles and determine the way of thinking; Then I developed rich association and imagination, carefully combed all the materials related to this topic that I could think of, and then found a theme and an angle that is most suitable for my writing, and then conceived writing.

The topic requires us to choose a specific thing to clarify the truth that "simplicity contains complex content and profound meaning". We can expand our thinking from the following aspects:

(1) starts with a simple Chinese character. Although "person" is a very simple Chinese character, its connotation is extremely rich, and life is a complex process, so we can feel the impermanence of life and understand the mystery of life by writing our own unique life experiences, thus showing the complexity of life.

(2) Start with a number. "0" is a mathematical concept, which doesn't mean anything in our concept. Actually, if you think about it, 0 doesn't mean "no". For example, 0 degrees indicates temperature. It is not only a mathematical concept, but also has complex meanings such as "starting from scratch", "breaking the whole into parts" and "zero distance" in our life. Therefore, we can choose some trivial things that people ignore and seem simple and ordinary, and write a good article containing life philosophy from the starting point of "zero".

(3) Start with an object. "Cell" is not only "the basic structure and functional unit of organisms with various shapes", but also given new meanings because it has been extended by people in many ways in life, such as "family is the cell of society". Therefore, we can explain the relationship between family stability and happiness and social stability and development by dissecting the simplest social cell.

(4) Start with an action. That is, from the "simple" action to explore the complex process. For example, in sports competitions, we often see athletes holding trophies after winning the championship. Holding the trophy is extremely simple. However, the process of winning the trophy is full of hardships. Therefore, we can start with this simple action to show the athletes' spirit of hard work, courage and glory for our country.

(5) Starting from works of art, we can explore the rich aesthetic value and artistic beauty of works of art from the "simplicity" of its structure. For example, Venus with a broken arm is even more charming without her hands.

(6) Start with lifestyle. We can find the rich connotation and elegance of life interest from the "simple" lifestyle. For example, many successful people, their material life is always simple, however, their spiritual life is diverse and full, and their brilliant achievements also show the value of their lives and the noble character.

(7) Start with the conclusion of the matter. We can also seek the complexity and diversity of reasons from the simplicity of the conclusion, thus revealing that there is more than one correct answer to things. Does ten minus one necessarily equal nine? We can find countless examples from life to show that its answer is rich and colorful.

In short, as long as we are good at associating, imagining, extending and excavating seemingly simple topics, we will certainly find the best writing angle and write excellent prose with rich content and profound thoughts.

[Thinking Development 2]

Door, a common thing. Who has never dealt with a door in his life? When I was a child, home was our warmest harbor; When we grow up, the school gate is the most loyal friend who accompanies us to study and study; When we step into society, the doors of factories, shops and hospitals arouse many beautiful dreams and reverie ... Maybe someone will go abroad, maybe someone will go to prison, what kind of door will life open for me, you and him? Please write an article about 600 words on the topic of "Door". The topic is self-made and the style is not limited except poetry.

The subject word "door" seems to be very common. But when you think about it, there are still many connotations of "door". We might as well start thinking from the following aspects: (1) refers to a specific door. (2) Metaphor is a barrier between people and an artificial obstacle. (3) It is a closed symbol. (4) "Opening the door" can be understood as communication between people, or breaking some kind of closure, or opening the country; "Closing the door" can be understood as self-sealing or artificially creating barriers and obstacles. With the above understanding, writing ideas can be opened. For example, you can use a specific door as a clue to describe a thing, a person, and express a theme with a fairy tale or fable; You can also associate various metaphors and symbolic meanings of the door and write lyric prose or argumentative essays; You can also use anthropomorphic techniques to write an explanatory article about "doors" in the form of sketches, such as the origin, types and functions of doors.

"Eight Taboos" in Topic Composition

Avoid carelessness and digression. Topic composition should carefully analyze the materials and given topics and grasp their requirements. Otherwise, it will deviate from the subject. There is a title-as the saying goes, "No rules, no Fiona Fang". In real life, without all kinds of rules, society would be in a mess. Please write an article of about 600 words on the topic of "Rules". In this regard, some students ignored the introduction and the direction of the topic, and wrote articles such as "rule analysis", "my opinion on the rules of the game" and "breaking the framework and innovating", which obviously deviated from the topic.

Second, don't ignore the reality and sing the opposite. Reverse thinking is one of the innovative methods, but not all topics can be reversed thinking. Regardless of the actual situation, playing the devil's advocate is bound to be counterproductive and counterproductive. For example, the national college entrance examination once asked for writing on the topic "The answer is colorful", but some candidates took the initiative to do the opposite, writing "The answer is unique" and "There is only one truth, not colorful". The result can be imagined.

Third, the topic is boring, and the composition requires candidates to draw up their own topics. The topic should be small but precise, practical, concise, clear and vivid. The topic is the eyes of the article. Bright eyes are touching. Some students just ignore it and add some words to the topic at present, which are big and empty, without any features, such as "I see the rules", "the revelation of the rules" and "discussing the rules", which can neither express the main idea of the article nor attract readers.

Four taboos: one-sided innovation and making things up. Novelty and uniqueness are the ways to win excellent compositions. Innovation is mainly manifested in conception, conception, angle, material selection and expression. Bold imagination, extensive association, in line with the requirements of the topic, reasonable, and must not be made up.

Some people write about affection. At night, when the child is sick, it is unreasonable for parents to run seven or eight miles behind the child to the hospital without calling an ambulance or taking a taxi. Although some of them take the form of essays, dialogues and letters. Their content is bland and nothing new.

Five taboos are to copy ancient Chinese and clone others. Topic composition is widely used, which can be applied in the early stage, but different topics have different requirements and cannot be copied mechanically. Some people just buckle the topic at the beginning and end, and the main part is completely borrowed from their own old articles. This is neither new nor natural.

Cloning other people's articles is even more immoral. It is difficult to stick to the topic, and it is also difficult to express your true feelings and unique opinions; Once exposed, it is a low score. Although some people have been fooled for a while, they will still be condemned by their conscience in the future.

Six taboos fall into the stereotype, lack of individuality, single understanding of the topic, superficial understanding, or limited to a certain point implied by the topic, so the article falls into the stereotype, lacks individuality, and lacks depth and originality. For example, taking "make-up lessons" as the topic of composition, most people stay at a superficial level, writing about the disadvantages of make-up lessons, calling for the implementation of quality education, reducing students' excessive burden, and allowing students to develop in an all-round way, and their grades will naturally be average. If someone makes a correct analysis of make-up lessons, opposes making-up lessons indiscriminately and agrees that it is necessary to make up lessons, it will be different; If someone writes about geography, history, thinking, morality, philosophy, labor, etc. , clarify the life and social development, which is through a flight of stairs.

No matter what style you choose and what theme you establish, the article should be meaningful and vivid, so as to impress, infect and convince people. However, some candidates write narrative without twists and turns, only narrative without description, only concept without image; Writing prose is divorced from a certain description and environment, moaning without illness, pale and powerless, flowery but without true feelings; Writing argumentative essays lacks necessary arguments, the reasoning method is single, the argument is unfounded and weak, or the vision is narrow, the understanding is superficial and it is impossible to go deep. It's just empty truths or slogans that turn over and over.

Eight taboos: improper pattern structure and head and tail. Topic composition is different from material composition, and the purpose of selecting materials lies entirely in oneself, while some people draw their opinions from topic tips and then expand them, which is similar to explaining topics or telling stories. Some are always framed in structure, always "the third section", rigid and rigid.

Some people like to beat around the bush at the beginning of the article and have no time to get into the subject; Someone always explains this topic endlessly. Some people like to show their determination and finally shout slogans. Some are more car-scrapping and lyrical. Others are sloppy, similar to snake tails. Such a beginning and end must be strictly observed.

Writing steps of topic composition

Read carefully, especially the hints.

Distinguish types and have a correct concept.

Think in many directions and choose the right style.

Write a composition quickly around the topic.

Simulated test questions

1. Read the following materials and write as required.

Hilton, a world-famous entrepreneur, said: "Many people have achieved nothing because they underestimated their abilities and belittled themselves. A piece of pig iron worth 5 yuan can be worth 10 yuan after being cast into horseshoes; If it is made into an industrial magnetic needle, it can be worth more than 3000 yuan; If it is made into a watch clockwork, its value is as high as 250,000. "

Please write with "potential" as the title.

Requirements: self-defined, self-made title, self-selected style, no less than 800 words.

2. Read the following materials and write as required.

At a report meeting to encourage innovation, a scholar asked a question:

Which of the four graphic symbols is different from the other three? Some people say circle, because circle is the only figure without angle; Some people say that a triangle is the only triangle composed of straight lines. It is also said that the semicircle is also correct, it is the only one composed of straight lines and curves; Finally, some people say that the fourth figure is ok, because it is the only asymmetrical figure. It seems that due to different standards and angles, all four answers can be used as correct answers.

Indeed, the world is ever-changing, with endless questions and colorful answers. There are many examples in life about how to look at problems, how to understand them, how to solve them and how to answer them. Do you have such experience, experience, knowledge and understanding?

Please write an article on the topic of "Rich and colorful answers".

Note: ① The scope of this question is very wide, as long as it is related to the thoughts and feelings caused by the scholar's question, it meets the requirements. 2 styles are not limited. You can record experiences, make up stories, express feelings, make comments, expand your imagination, and so on. 3 topic self-made. (4) Not less than 800 words.