Forestry Science and Technology Papers 1 Application of Forestry Extension Technology
In order to promote the growth of forest resources, increase farmers' income, ecological increment and public awareness of ecological civilization, it is very important to do a good job in forestry technology popularization at present and in the future. The national western development strategy and sustainable development strategy have been fully implemented, and forestry and ecological construction have received unprecedented attention from the whole society. Up to now, the State Forestry Administration has successively implemented six key forest area projects, driven by projects, and realized the leap-forward development of forestry. Science is the primary productive force, and the application of forestry extension technology is an important means to transform forestry scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses the application of forestry extension technology.
Keywords forestry; Popularize technology; App application
China Library Classification Number: TU986 Document Identification Number: A
In order to implement the strategy of revitalizing forests through science and technology, give full play to the supporting role of forestry science and technology in forestry development, promote the growth of forest resources, increase farmers' income and ecological appreciation, and enhance public awareness of ecological civilization, a scientific and effective forestry science and technology extension service system that meets farmers' needs is established at present and in the future. So as to further improve the understanding of the importance of strengthening the construction of forestry science and technology service system, implement the post responsibility system at different levels, sign the responsibility book of target management, formulate the principles and policies of forestry science and technology popularization, and strengthen organization, coordination and support. In this paper, the main points of forestry technology extension service are discussed in depth.
I. Technology promotion
(1) The tree seed selection system has been gradually improved, and the promotion of improved varieties has been intensified.
Since the reform and opening up, China has continuously established improved seed bases and various nurseries. In order to strengthen the breeding process of improved varieties and improve the management level, forestry departments at all levels have successively carried out the construction of central demonstration nursery projects. A number of central demonstration nurseries have been established in key forest areas throughout the country, and a complete set of improved seed selection pattern has been basically realized, including forest seed bases, central demonstration nurseries, state-owned nurseries, township nurseries and specialized households. The breeding system of improved varieties of forest trees has been continuously popularized and applied in actual production.
At present, the forest species approved by the examination and approval Committee are: industrial raw materials, shelter forests, etc. , focusing on Populus deltoides and Populus deltoides; Landscape greening is mainly based on colored leaves such as summer oak, French phoenix tree and Mongolian pine. Mongolian almond, and mainly introduced and cultivated tree species. The ecological forests in the western region are mainly native tree species such as Ulmus pumila and Populus euphratica. The fruit industry is mainly based on local special geographical conditions. For example, Xinjiang mainly promotes red dates, fragrant pears, walnuts, apricots, pomegranates and almonds 12 forest tree varieties.
(B) the operating mechanism is not flexible
At present, the institutions engaged in forestry technology popularization at the municipal level include the Afforestation and Greening Section of Forestry Bureau and the Forestry Technology Popularization Center, and the towns (offices) have forestry management stations engaged in forestry technology popularization. Due to the institutional reform, there is only a deputy director in charge of forestry at the village level. Although there are extension services, the system is incomplete, the personnel are aging, and the technical extension services are fragmented. Promotion agencies have little or no scientific and technological achievements of their own, and lack demonstration bases for promotion. The welfare of scientific and technical personnel is poor, people are distracted, and some are not at ease with their work. Rural migrant workers are more common, and the recipients of forestry technical services are mainly women and the elderly, so the promotion and application effect is limited. The means of science and technology popularization also has the color of planned economy. Make plans and schemes at the beginning of the year, organize scientific and technical personnel to send science and technology to the countryside, and carry out technical training and scientific and technological consultation. But the pertinence is not strong, and the face-to-face guidance and communication with the clients are not enough. Farmers don't know what kind of trees to plant, how to plant them and how to manage them, and they have no idea. At the same time, they lack promotion service places and the promotion system has not played its due role.
(3) Comprehensive application of forest pest control technology
The large-scale application of forest pest control technology in forestry production not only consolidated the achievements of forestry construction, but also effectively alleviated the harm caused by pests and diseases to forest growth. For example, the prevention and control technology of spruce seedlings, forest pika, top ten poplar diseases and insect pests, and plant pollution-free rodent control technology. At present, these technologies have been applied and popularized in China's forestry for more than 5 million mu, effectively curbing the spread of pests and diseases, and are deeply loved by the masses.
(4) The extensive application of comprehensive supporting technology of forest and fruit industry in forestry production provides technical support for the development of forest and fruit characteristic industries.
According to a research survey, by the end of 2008, the per capita fruit income of farmers in Xinjiang reached more than 500 yuan, and the fruit area in southern Xinjiang reached 1 1.93 million mu, with an annual output value of13 billion yuan. The forest fruit area in Xinjiang is over 6.5438+0.45 million mu, forming a forest fruit industry belt with great geographical and scientific advantages.
(5) The utilization and development technology of wild animal and plant resources, reasonably applied to forestry production, can provide support for the comprehensive and systematic development of forestry.
Taking Xinjiang as an example, the research shows that there are 644 species of wild animals and plants, including 1 16 species of key protected animals, 44 species of protected animals in autonomous regions and 13 species of protected plants in autonomous regions. There are as many as 65 1 species of various wetland plants and animals, and the total area of precious wetland resources is as high as1500,000 hectares. The essence of protecting wild animals and plants is to lay a solid foundation for the follow-up resource development and utilization of forestry ecological construction and realize the truly inexhaustible long-term sustainable development.
(six) the application of 3S technology and electronic information technology to improve the management level of forestry production.
The application of this technology in afforestation performance verification, investigation, forestry planning and general survey of forestry resources can significantly improve its work accuracy and efficiency, and can effectively prevent and control natural disasters, customize effective measures in time when disasters occur, and minimize adverse consequences.
Second, the construction of science and technology demonstration base
(a) vigorously carry out scientific and technological demonstration of shelter forest system construction project.
The first-class Luopu county and Hotan county in the western region were established by actively adopting integrated technology? Grape gallery? The demonstration area has promoted afforestation for the whole people and actively improved the ecological environment. Hejing County adopts the method of three-dimensional development and combining forest and grass to build shelter forest, which has become the representative of forestry development model in China. The mixed construction of agriculture and forestry in Kashgar has not only improved the ecological environment, but also promoted farmers' income, which has been praised as the main model of oasis forestry development by the state.
(two) to carry out the demonstration of fast-growing and high-yield forest polar construction, and promote the new pattern of timber production in China.
China officially started the fast-growing and high-yield forest construction project on 1987, and state-owned forest farms around the country took the lead in demonstrating and cultivating fast-growing and high-yield forests, which promoted the positive role of fast-growing and high-yield forests in China.
(three) the establishment of various types of forest seedling demonstration base.
On the basis of state-owned nurseries at all levels in various regions, technical demonstrations were widely carried out, and cutting seedling, full-light spray seedling, sowing seedling and factory seedling were carried out with various tree seedling techniques and methods, which were widely used in various places in combination with the actual situation, providing a good foundation for forestry extension technical training.
Third, technical training.
The most effective way to transform advanced and applicable technological achievements into productive forces is technical training, which is to apply various forestry extension technologies to actual forestry production according to local conditions.
(1) The technical training and re-education of professional and technical personnel are gradually standardized.
Taking the re-education of forestry technicians as the starting point, the training time of personnel is guaranteed, and the training effect assessment and training content are clear, which ensures the continuous updating of forestry technical training knowledge and the improvement of professional skills. So far, the competent forestry authorities at all levels in all parts of China have fully combined with the actual situation in the region and vigorously trained various forestry extension technologies. Seedling, afforestation, resource forestry, fruit, forest protection, wildlife protection, etc. Basically, regular and regular professional technical training courses for grass-roots technicians have been held, which can not only update their management knowledge and forestry extension technology in time, but also meet the realization of self-worth.
(2) Strengthen the training of forest farmers.
It is common for forest farmers to master information technology in time, lack of information communication channels and low technical quality. Since 2000, the forestry and fruit industry has established its leading position in the agricultural structure, and the forestry and fruit industry training has developed gradually, forming a good start. Starting from the quality education of forest fruit, all localities have effectively promoted the rapid development of forest fruit industry. Combined with the actual situation in various regions, the training of scientific and technical personnel, managers and cadres of fruit trees should be strengthened by inviting them in and sending them out. In view of the technical problems in fruit tree pruning, grafting cultivation, water and fertilizer management, technical teaching was carried out through training courses, on-site guidance and observation meetings, so that forest farmers could better master forestry technology and skills. At the same time, we should always guide forest farmers to do important technical work such as pest control, pruning and shaping in winter and summer, fertilization and so on. Conditional areas can invite domestic and foreign experts to carry out centralized training or on-site observation training, combined with different seasons of fruit tree cultivation management technology for on-site operation. In the process of rapid development of forestry, a large number of scientific and technological achievements have been applied to production, which has gradually enhanced the scientific and technological support ability of forestry, and farmers have gradually put down the traditional wrong idea of only planting regardless, which has played a vital role in scientific and technological support and guidance for forestry development.
4. Problems that need to be solved urgently in China's forestry technology popularization.
4. 1 Solve the management problems in the process of technical project test and demonstration.
Some good technical projects can only be popularized and applied on a large scale after being tested and demonstrated. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to do a good job in the experimental demonstration process of new technologies and new achievements. The first is the management of the experimental site, mainly the application and management of new technologies and achievements in seedling raising and afforestation. Technology extension departments and forestry nurseries should choose demonstration bases and test sites respectively, and make records of the planning and design of test sites to prevent the situation that even the test sites cannot be found due to long-term changes in management personnel. At the same time, it is necessary to equip special personnel for management and protection to prevent human and animal injuries. In some places, due to poor management, originally good technical projects failed to achieve the expected results, so that they could not be popularized. The second is the investigation and observation management of the test process, which mainly includes regular observation, investigation and statistics of the test site and first-hand information. Although some pilot units have carried out experiments on new technologies and new achievements in selected areas, they have not observed and counted the experimental results, so they are unconvincing in popularization and difficult to popularize on a large scale. The third is the archives management of new technologies and new achievements, which is mainly to establish archives for the experimental demonstration process of new technologies and new achievements, which not only standardizes the technical archives, but also summarizes the experimental process for future reference. To establish an effective mechanism for investment in science and technology popularization, in addition to the normal investment by forestry departments according to regulations, we should also broaden investment channels and attract foreign capital and social funds to ensure the normal development of forestry science and technology popularization.
4.2 The overall cultural quality of forest farmers is not high
At present, although China's education has been gradually improved through vigorous reform, compared with the education situation in forest areas, the situation is not optimistic, education is in a backward stage, the cultural quality of forest farmers is generally low, and their ability to accept new technologies and information is poor, which greatly inhibits the promotion and development of forestry scientific and technological achievements in China. In addition, the economic level of forest areas is generally poor, and there are few forest farmers with good conditions. Due to low income, most forest farmers lack investment capital in forestry science and technology. It is a long-term and systematic arduous task to guide and help forest farmers to accept new technologies through education, training, introduction of new technology demonstrations and other means, so that forest farmers can have modern personal qualities and increase economic production benefits.
4.3 Solve the problem that application units master new technologies and achievements.
New forestry technologies and achievements are high in science and technology, and their technical performance and indicators have certain requirements. Therefore, it is difficult for application units to exert their due scientific and technological strength in application practice without mastering these technical requirements. The application unit of new forestry technology and achievements should not only master the theoretical principle of its technology, but also master the specific operation method of its application. In the promotion practice, some units do not follow the scientific method, thinking that forestry work is rough and only one thing is enough. Under the guidance of this idea, the original strict requirements have become extensive.
Concluding remarks
To sum up, in the application of forestry extension technology, it is necessary to fully combine the local actual situation in order to give full play to the role of science as the primary productive force, fundamentally apply forestry extension technology to forestry practical work, achieve a win-win situation for individuals and organizations, and ensure the sustainable development of forestry.
References:
[1] Zheng Jianfu, Popularization and application of container seedling raising technology in forestry production, Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, No.08, 2006.
[2] Mi Xigang, "Talking about how to do a good job in forestry technology popularization", excellent paper of the annual meeting of natural science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2003.
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