Quzhou has a long history. According to the stone axes, Shi Mao, stone knives and Shi Mao unearthed in Quxian, Longyou, Jiangshan, Changshan, Hua Kai and other places within the jurisdiction, as far back as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors thrived on this land.
Xia, Shang and Zhou belong to the land of Baiyue.
At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, it was a country that was despised by Gu, and later it was a place that was despised by Yue. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Chu.
In the twenty-fifth year of the King of Qin (222 BC), Chu was destroyed, Jiangnan was pacified, and Huiji County was established in Wuyue. Now Quzhou belongs to Taimu County in Huiji County.
In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (20 1), it was the land of Jing State. Twelve years (before 195), Emperor Wu of China. In the fourth year of Jingdi (before 153), Wu Wang and Liu Bi were placed under the jurisdiction of Huiji County.
In the third year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (192), Taimu County was assigned to Xin 'an County. It was the beginning of the establishment of Quxian County, and it still belongs to Huiji County. In the 23rd year of Jian 'an (2 18), Xin 'an County was located in Dingyang County.
In the first year of Baoding in the Three Kingdoms (226), Xin 'an County was changed to Dongyang County.
In the first year of Jin Taikang (280), because hongnong county had the same name as Xin 'an County, Xin 'an was changed to Xin 'an, and because of the name of Anxi, it was called the county name and still belonged to Dongyang County.
During the Southern Song and Qi Liang Dynasties, Xin 'an County remained the same. Chen Yongding three years (559), Xin 'an County, Xin 'an County and Dingyang County, belonged to Baolifu.
In the third year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (607), Taimu and Ding Yang counties were merged into Xin 'an and placed under Dongyang County.
In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1), Quzhou was home to Xin, which was divided into two counties: Xujiang (Jiangshan) and Changshan. The name of Quzhou State began here, and it was named after the Three Roads, and then Xin 'an was returned to the state. At the same time, it is analyzed that Baishi county is located in the west of Taimei county, in Aizhou, with Taimei and Baishi counties as the leading counties, and Baishi is the place where the state governs. In the seventh year (624), Quzhou was abandoned, and Ding Yang, Xujiang, Baishi and Taimu counties entered Xin 'an County and transferred to Wuzhou. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Longqiu County was analyzed from Xin 'an and Jinhua counties. In 686, the second year of Wuhou's hanging arch was returned to Quzhou, which governed Xin 'an, Longqiu and Changshan counties, belonging to Jiangnan Road, and Xin 'an was governed by the state. In the first year of Ruyi (692), Yingchuan County was located in the west of Longqiu County, and Quzhou governed five counties: Xin 'an, Longqiu, Xujiang, Changshan and Yingchuan. In the year of Shengyuan (695), it was divided into three counties: Xujiang, Ding Yang and Yiyang, and Yushan County was established, which was placed under Quzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Quzhou was changed to Xin 'an County; In the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Quzhou was restored. In the same year, Yushan County was placed under Xinzhou; Quzhou still governs five counties: Xin 'an, Longqiu, Xujiang, Yingchuan and Changshan, with Xin 'an as the state capital and Zhejiang as the host. In the 14th year of Dali (779), he was transferred to Zhejiang West Road; In the first year of Jianzhong (780), he was transferred to Dongdao, Zhejiang; In the second year (78 1), he was transferred to Zhejiang West Road; Zhenyuan three years (787), returned to Dongdao, Zhejiang; In the seventh year of Yuanhe (8 12), Fei Yingchuan County entered Xin 'an; Xian Tong Middle School (860-874) was renamed Xi 'an, named after Xixi, and still transferred to Quzhou.
During the Five Dynasties, Quzhou belonged to the State of Wu Yue (907-978), and the state administered an, including four counties: An, Longyou, Changshan and Jiangshan. In the second year of Changxing in the late Tang Dynasty (93 1), wuyue changed Longqiu to Longyou.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xi 'an County was still under the jurisdiction of Quzhou and Liangzhu Road. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it belonged to East Zhejiang Road. In 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), it was changed to general manager office in Quzhou Road, leaning on the profile of Anxian County, and transferred to Xuanwei Department of Dong Zhe Road in Jianghuai.
In the year of Ming Taizu Jihai (1359, that is, the 19th year from Yuan Dynasty to Zheng Dynasty), Quzhou Road was changed to Longyou House to govern Xi 'an; In the year of Bingwu (1366, that is, the twenty-sixth year from Yuan Dynasty to Zheng Dynasty), Longyou Prefecture was changed to Quzhou Prefecture, and An Yigang was transferred to Zhejiang Province (Hongwu changed to Chief Secretary of Zhejiang Chengxuan in the ninth year). In the 22nd year of Yongle (1424), Yuegong was built; In the second year of Xuande (1427), Yuewangfu was removed.
In the Qing Dynasty, following the Ming system, it was still the house of Quzhou, and it was changed to Jinquyan Road in Zhejiang. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (165 1), the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian moved here; It was abolished in the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), and xi 'an County was still ruled by the government, Jin Qu and Yan Dao. In July of Xuantong's third year (19 1 1 August 7th), Xi 'an County was incorporated into Quzhou Prefecture, and Quzhou Prefecture was also responsible for administering the county.
After the Revolution of 1911 (19111.07), Quzhou was established as the military and political sub-government, and was also in charge of county affairs. In February of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the government was abandoned and an was changed to Quxian. In the third year (19 14), the Taoist system was implemented. Qu County belongs to Jinhua Road and is the resident of Daoyin. In five years (19 16), the knife was cut and rebuilt in the following year, and the knife was still in Quxian; In the sixteenth year (1927), the first district and county government inspector's office was established in Quxian. 1September 24, 935, it was changed to the Fifth Administrative Supervision Department, and Quxian County remained a public address. 1946 The Office of the Commissioner merged with the Security Command, and was called the Office of the Fifth Administrative Inspector and Security Commander of Zhejiang Province, located in Qu County. 1948, Quxian County was attached to the Third Administrative Supervision Department and moved to Jinhua.
1949 On May 6th, Quxian was liberated, and the Martial Law Committee was established, and then the Quzhou Commissioner's Office was established. Quzhou City is still exclusive to Quzhou, and the county government moved to Zhang Tan Town; 195 1 year, Quzhou City was abolished, and the county government moved back to the urban area of Quxian County and stayed here. 1March, 955, Quzhou Commissioner's Office was revoked, and Qu County was subordinate to Jinhua District. 1958 1 1 month, Changshan was merged into Quxian; 1960 1 month 1 day, Longyou County merged; 196 1 year to restore Changshan county; 1September, 979, Quzhou City was restored, and counties and cities coexisted; 198 1 April, withdrew from the county and entered the market; 1September 1983 13, Longyou County was separated and another county was established. 1984, the jurisdiction remains unchanged; 1985 In May, Jinhua District was abolished and Quzhou City was upgraded to a provincial city. The original Quzhou City was divided into Kecheng District and Quxian County, and the city administered counties, namely Quxian County, Jiangshan County, Changshan County, Kaihua County, Longyou County and Kecheng District. 19871February, Jiangshan county was changed to a county-level city, which was subordinate to Quzhou city.
human history
Quzhou was called Gumiguo, Damo County and Xin 'an County in ancient times, and was named "Qu" in the early Tang Dynasty because there were three Qu mountains in the territory. Quzhou, located in the west of Zhejiang and the upper reaches of Qiantang River, has always been a battleground for military strategists, and is also the gateway of transportation in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces. Unique geographical location, beautiful scenery and hardworking and intelligent working people have given birth to splendid history and culture. From the site of onion cave 6,000 years ago to the Han nationality in Donghua Mountain, from the southward migration of ethnic groups to the southward crossing of Kong Dazong, from the 700-mile-long Xianxia ancient road to the uninterrupted water transportation in Qujiang, from the gathering of stars in the Song Dynasty to the ends of the earth in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all historical sites, cultural relics and celebrities are telling the 6000-year history and civilization of Quzhou. From 65438 to 0994, Quzhou was declared as a famous historical and cultural city in China by the State Council.
Quzhou from Neolithic Age to Warring States Period
Quzhou, located at the source of Qianjiang River, has been outstanding since ancient times. Archaeologists have discovered many sites in the late Neolithic period in China, among which the famous onion cave site pushed the history of Quzhou to 6000 years ago. Quzhou in Shang and Zhou Dynasties belonged to Yangzhou. Although few documents are recorded, many primitive porcelain and exquisite jade articles have been unearthed, which shows the prosperity at that time. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Quzhou was the land of "Gu Mi", and the descendants of Gu Mi and Xu Yanwang constituted the early residents of Quzhou.
The ancestor of Onion Cave-Quzhou people 6000 years ago
1. Onion Cave Site: There is a large area of limestone landform at the junction of Quzhou and Jiande, which provides an ideal living environment for ancient ancestors. The onion cave and Guanyin cave sites located in Fangshang town of Quzhou are typical Neolithic sites in this area, and they are also the earliest examples of human activities in Quzhou area so far. It is based on the cultural relics unearthed from this site that the history of Quzhou City was advanced to 6000 years ago.
The land of Zhejiang 6000 years ago has a warm climate, lush vegetation and many animals, which is very suitable for human habitation. Quzhou, like Hemudu in Yuyao and Liangzhu culture in Yuhang, also has ancestors living here. A Neolithic relic found in the cultural relics survey in recent years is the best physical example.
2. Ancient Yi people-the inheritance of civilization 2,500 years ago
The Yue nationality is an important branch of the Chinese nation. The junction of Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces is the birthplace of the ancient Yue nationality, and Quzhou is in the center of this region. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Gu Mi people moved south from Surabaya, Shandong Province, and one of them and a descendant of Rebecca moved to Quzhou in western Zhejiang. The history of Gu Mi's southward migration and settlement in Quzhou shows that Quzhou has been integrated into the Chinese nation as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. The excavation of numerous bronze ritual vessels, weapons, jade articles buried with funerals and primitive porcelain fully demonstrated the economic and cultural prosperity of Quzhou at that time. Ancient post historical materials:
(1) Zuo Zhuan's Thirteen Years of Mourning for the Duke: "Flag of Gu Mi" and Du Zhuyu's Note.
In the 13th year (482 BC), Lu Aigong participated in the war between the State of Yue and the State of Wu as an important force. This shows that as early as before, the Gu Mi family had settled in Quzhou.
(2) On Mandarin and Vietnamese (Volume 20): Goujian's Land, ... as for Gu Mi in the West. It traveled a hundred miles.
The jurisdiction of Gu Mi covers the whole Quzhou area and Suichang, Tangxi and Yushan in Jiangxi.
Rebecca moved to the south.
Guo Xu, a viscount who won the surname, was first sealed in Xia Dynasty. His country is in Xiapi County, and now there are procedures in Linghuai, Sizhou. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Xu and Dongyi refused to obey the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, and war broke out between them. At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, he sent troops to attack Xu and abandoned the country and moved south. During the Spring and Autumn Period, one of them came to Quzhou.
Quzhou from Qin and Han Dynasties to Tang Dynasty
In the twenty-sixth year of Ying Zheng (22 1), a desert county was established in the old place of Gu Mi, and the county was now Longyou County, which turned a new page in the history of Quzhou. During the Han Dynasty, Quzhou's economy was still in the early stage of development, but from the perspective of unearthed bronzes and pottery, it still showed a high level of craftsmanship. During the Six Dynasties, Quzhou, located in the south of the Yangtze River, was relatively stable and its economic and cultural development was slow. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Xin 'an County established Quzhou, which developed rapidly. In particular, the excavation of the 700-mile Xianxia ancient road has made Quzhou's position as a military center and transportation hub increasingly prominent.
In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang established a county system and established a desert county in Gu Mi. The old city is located in the west of Longyou County, and the history of Quzhou County has officially begun. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xin 'an County (now qujiang district and Kecheng District) and Dingyang County (now Changshan County) were established. In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1), Xujiang County (now Jiangshan City) was established in Anxian County. In the same year, a state-level administrative division was established in Xin 'an County, which is called Quzhou because of the three mountains in the territory, and it also means extending in all directions. This name has continued to this day.
Quzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties
In the Song Dynasty, with the shift of the national economic center of gravity to the south, the politics, economy and culture of Quzhou were unprecedentedly prosperous. Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, the economic and cultural development level of Quzhou reached its peak, ranking first in Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu. During the Northern Song Dynasty 167, there were only 250 top liberal arts students in Quzhou, much higher than those in Suzhou, Hangzhou and Shaoxing. During the Southern Song Dynasty, with the migration of saints to the south, Quzhou became a new Confucian holy land in the south, which was called "Southeast Queli" in history. As well-known academies in the Southern Song Dynasty, Keshan Academy and Baoshan Academy have profound humanistic connotations, and their influence spread to the Yuan Dynasty.
Quzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties
With the continuous strengthening of centralization, the status of Quzhou as the military center of southeast China in Ming and Qing Dynasties became increasingly apparent. After the "San Francisco Rebellion" was pacified, Quzhou was called "Iron City" from now on. The superior geographical location made the post road from Hangzhou via Quzhou to Yushan, Jiangxi or Pucheng, Fujian become the most prosperous commercial road for inland traffic in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Quzhou, located at the crossroads of this postal road, has further developed its economy and culture. Longyou commercial gang, which flourished in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and mainly engaged in jewelry and books, is regarded as one of the top ten commercial gangs in ancient China, and it is also a proof that Quzhou is the thoroughfare of four provinces.