Paper Keywords:? Beauty? Pragmatic Analysis of Address Forms Speech Act Theory Relevance Theory Politeness Principle
Abstract: With the change of society, in daily verbal communication? Beautiful and handsome? Address forms became popular. What is the popular address in Chinese? Beauty? Based on speech act theory, relevance theory and politeness principle, this paper interprets popular address forms, aiming at pointing out that popular address forms have strong and rich dynamic contextual characteristics and distinctive characteristics of the times in interactive interpersonal communication; How to avoid pragmatic failures in the use of popular address forms?
? Beauty? As a popular form of address, is it used by the Internet? Pretty girl? Where does this word come from? Pretty girl? Is it the mainland that can use Hong Kong and Taiwan-style Putonghua? Sister? Words transliterated from words. ? Pretty girl? Literally means (woman) beautiful eyebrows. ? Eyebrows? It can also refer to beautiful women. For example, according to the literature, Emperor Tang Ming ordered a court painter to draw a picture called Ten Eyebrows, which depicts ten beautiful women. So later people used it? Pretty girl? Generally refers to young and beautiful women. ? Beauty? Gradually evolved into a common written language. Especially the language of the news media, such as? Shen Bing, the beauty hostess of CCTV dialogue program, as the beauty hostess of Hello, World Cup program with hundreds of millions of viewers, partnered with Liu Jianhong, a senior sports host. (Jinan Times June 2, 20021); Li Yong, a famous host of CCTV, told four young women who are going to participate in this year's Lantern Festival lantern riddle program. Four beauties, please come on stage! ? In recent years? Beauty? This word is more widely used as a verbal address. This paper attempts to interpret this term from the perspective of pragmatics.
1 Speech Act Theory and? Beauty? address
Speech act theory is mainly developed by the British philosopher John? Lansu? John langshaw austin (1962) and American language philosopher John? Searle (John j? Searle, 1969). Austin believes that people use language not only to speak and express an idea, but to achieve a certain goal by speaking? Match words with deeds. He divided this speech act into three types: (1) the act of referring to things with words, that is, the act of saying meaningful words with correct grammar; (2) Match words with deeds, that is, the illocutionary act of the speaker when he utters certain words; (3) the act of doing things well with words, that is, the behavior of the listener after performing some speech acts. Of these three speech acts? Match words with deeds? This is the most concerned aspect of speech act theory. Studying it can help us understand how the speaker passes. Literally? Expression? The implication? Or, how can listeners learn from the speaker? Literally? From? The implication? . Searle, an American language philosopher, developed Austin's speech act theory and put forward the concept of indirect speech act: when the speaker doesn't want to use performative discourse directly for a certain purpose, he will use indirect speech means to realize a certain speech act.
Where is the speech act theory of 1? 1? Beauty? Embodiment in the use of address forms
The semantic information and rational meaning of greetings are close to zero, that is to say, greetings only have the function of rewarding (Meng Jian 'an, 1995), but I think? Beauty? Greetings do more than that. Compared with other traditional China greetings? Beauty? The biggest pragmatic feature of greeting is its prominent praise tendency. In many consumer occasions, it also has a clear intention to encourage? Sell products.
1.2? Beauty? Direct speech act directly expresses the theme through words and deeds in the use of address forms? Praise the person you communicate with.
To achieve one's communicative intention by praising the communicative object. We collected such a material in the shopping mall that a man used many methods to persuade his wife to buy him a laptop, but all failed. Finally he said:? Beautiful wife (? Beauty? A variant of), with it, I can enjoy your beauty even if I am in a foreign country! Buy it! ? At this point, his wife smiled and nodded in agreement. This may be the man's virtual fight scene, but it is enough to explain? Beauty? Address forms have the functions of praise and added value.
1.3? Beauty? Indirect speech acts in the use of address forms
Any speech activity of human beings always has one or another explicit or implicit communicative purpose (Liu Ge, 2000). From the information we collected in shopping malls, cosmetics stores, beauty salons and other occasions, we found that young female customers are often called? Beauty? You can often hear such words encouraging consumers to buy. Beauty, our products are designed for beautiful women with temperament like you. After enjoying this product, you will be more beautiful. ? Business transactions are usually completed successfully. We noticed such an announcement. Is it MM (? Pretty girl? Homophonic, meaning? Beauty? ) You won't let toilet paper block this broken toilet, will you? Thank you! ? (The notice is posted in the women's bathroom of an office building in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital) Of course, this toilet will not be blocked, because every woman wants to do it? Beauty? .
2. Relevance theory and? Beauty? send one's regards to
In the mid-1980s, Sperber and Wilson jointly put forward a cognitive pragmatic theory with great explanatory significance? Related theories. Relevance theory holds that verbal communication is an ostensive-inferential process. As far as communicators are concerned, communication is an explicit process. The communicator clearly expresses his communicative intention by assuming the cognitive state of the communicator. Clarity is the behavior of the communicator, and reasoning is the behavior of the communicator. As far as communicators are concerned, communication is a process of reasoning. The communicative object should infer his communicative intention according to the information provided by the communicator and the specific context.
2. 1 Where is the relevance theory? Beauty? Embodiment in the use of address forms
In real life, many verbal communication behaviors and phenomena can be analyzed and explained by relevance theory. ? Beauty? The use of address forms is one of them. As a communicator (that is? Beauty? Sender) is the communication object set as? Beauty? When should the communication object be correctly preset (i.e.? Beauty? Cognitive state of the called party. Overestimation of the other party's knowledge background may lead to the expected contextual effect due to the difference in knowledge level and structure between the two parties, and even confuse the communicating party due to the lack of relevance of speech information, leading to communication failure.
2.2 correlation? Beauty? Background knowledge of using address forms
? Beauty? Address forms are a challenge to China's traditional polite address forms to some extent, because the author thinks that on the one hand, address forms should? Is there a tendency to neutralize the traditional politeness principle and the western principle? . China women face westerners? When you are very beautiful/sexy, you usually reply shyly, "No, no, don't say that. ? In our investigation, it is called. Beauty? It is usually the default. I'm a beauty? Without responding? How can I be so beautiful? ; On the other hand, appellation also embodies a kind of humanistic care and the spirit of human pursuit of self-improvement. People's pursuit of self-awareness is inseparable from the rapid development of China's market economy. To sum up,? Beauty? The users of address forms are often young and middle-aged urban residents, and occasionally they are used by the elderly who are pursuing fashion. And then what? Beauty? Some appellants are usually dignified young and middle-aged women, but they are also occasionally used for elderly women who can keep up with the trend (of course, such a title is occasionally heard in rural areas). In addition, we have noticed that older women who pursue fashion can't be called? American? Because women are afraid that others will think they are old, so they scream? Big beauty? (? Beauty? A variant of). Is this used? Beauty? Important background knowledge of address forms.