(1) Title and title)

Titles are also called titles or titles. A title is a logical combination that reflects the most important specific content in a short passage with the most appropriate and concise words.

The title of a paper is the first important information related to the scope and level of the paper. At the same time, it is necessary to compile secondary documents such as titles and indexes, taking into account the specific practical information that can help select keywords and provide retrieval.

The topic of the paper is very important and must be carefully chosen. Some people use the following sentence to describe its importance: "The title of the paper is half of the article".

The requirements for the title of the thesis are: accurate and appropriate; Short and pithy; Proper extension and connotation; Eye-catching The requirements of these four aspects are as follows.

1. Accurate and decent

The title of the paper requires accurate expression of the content of the paper and appropriate reflection of the scope and depth of the research.

Common faults are: too general, the topic is not deducted. For example, "the study of metal fatigue strength" is too general, so if it is changed to the specific object of study, it must be mentioned. The effect will be much better. For example, the topic "Study on Fatigue Strength of Nickel-containing Famous Brand Alloy Materials" is much more appropriate. Another example: "Study on the influence of Al and Ti content in 35Ni- 15Cr superalloy on long-term properties and microstructure stability at high temperature" is too long and inaccurate. What is the meaning of 35Ni- 15Cr in the title? It's puzzling. Is it a percentage? Is it a weight ratio? Volume ratio? Metal grade? Or something else, I don't know, it's called ambiguity. The solution is to clearly show the content of the paper from the reader's point of view. If the above title refers to the percentage content, it can be explained in the text, not in the title, and the title only needs to reflect the fact that it contains Ni and Cr. The reference modification scheme is: "Effect of Al and Ti contents in Ni and Cr alloys on high temperature properties and microstructure stability".

The key problem is that the topic should be closely related to the content of the paper, or that the content of the paper should match and be closely related, that is, the topic should be deducted and the article should be deducted. This is the basic principle of writing a thesis.

Concise and clear

Try to use fewer words in the topic and choose words carefully. As for how many words are qualified, there is no uniform "hard" rule. It is generally hoped that the title of the paper will not exceed 20 words. However, the pursuit of fewer words should not affect the proper reflection of the topic in content. When there is a spear between the two, it is better to use more words and express them as clearly as possible.

A common title is "Study on rapid analysis method of chemical composition of molten steel". In this kind of topic, words such as "about" and "research" will not affect the expression if they are omitted. The drama is a paper, and what aspects of research and investigation are included by the general contractor, so the above topic can be refined as: "Rapid analysis of chemical composition of molten steel". In this way, the number of words is reduced from 2 1 to 12, which is clear and concise to read.

If the short title is not enough to show the content of the paper or reflect the nature of a series of research, it can be solved by positive and negative titles, and the specific experimental materials, methods and contents can be supplemented by adding negative titles, so that the titles can be enriched and accurate, rather than generalized. Like what? Quot Dynamic Characteristics of Active Dislocation Groups-(Subtitle) Computer Simulation of Sliding Characteristics of Active Dislocation Groups ".

3. The extension and connotation should be appropriate.

"Extension" and "connotation" belong to the concepts in formal logic. The so-called extension refers to every object reflected by a concept; The so-called connotation refers to the reflection of the unique attributes of each conceptual object.

If we don't consider the logical application of extension and connotation when putting forward a proposition, there may be fallacies, at least it is inappropriate. For example, there is a logical error in the title "Rational design of rural whole, livestock and machine power combination". The extension of "people" in the title may be young adults, infants, young children or the elderly, because the latter is also? Quot "people", but people are not people who have the ability to work, and obviously do not belong to this proposition, so it is inappropriate to use "people" in its extension. Similarly, "livestock" can refer to cattle, sheep and pigs. Where have you seen sheep and pigs plowing and grinding flour? So it is also a mistake of improper extension. Among them, because of the use of "labor force" and "animal power", it will not be misunderstood as a person without working ability and working ability.

stand out

Although the title of the paper is in the first eye-catching position to attract readers' attention, there is still the problem of whether the title is eye-catching, because the words used in the title and the content expressed are eye-catching, and the effect is far from the same.

Some people made a statistical analysis on the titles of some papers published in 36 public medical journals 1987, and screened out 100 wrong titles. Of the 100 titles with errors, 20% were "improperly omitted" (for example, the title "Determinants of abnormal blood pressure response of patients with coronary heart disease after exercise" was omitted as "coronary heart disease"; The title "Progress of world liver diseases in the past year" omits "treatment of liver diseases" as "liver diseases"); 65,438+02% of the errors are attributed to "improper use of prepositions" (for example, the title "Evaluation of Endoscopic Fluorescence Detection in the Diagnosis of Digestive Tract Cancer" was originally intended for the author to diagnose and evaluate digestive tract cancer in this way, but in fact "Endoscopic Fluorescence Detection" has become the subject, which is of course inappropriate). The mistakes in using prepositions mainly include: ① omitting the subject-after the first person substitution fails to express its meaning, the preposition structure is not used, which makes the auxiliary components mistake for the subject; ② Do not use prepositions when necessary; (3) Use when prepositional structure is not needed. 65,438+065,438+0% of the cases are "the principal's mistakes" (such as the mistakes about coronary heart disease in the clinical and experimental research of COVID-19 Tablet); 9% of them are "improper juxtaposition" (such as "cystoscopy and complications in elderly patients"); 9% of the mistakes are "improper use of words" and "confused sentences", and other types of mistakes, such as lengthy titles, inconsistent titles, repetition and ambiguity, also occur from time to time.

(2) the author's name and department.

This item belongs to the problem of paper signature. The first is to show the responsibility of writing, the second is to record the results of labor, and the third is to facilitate readers to contact the author and literature retrieval (author index). It can be roughly divided into two situations, single-author papers and multi-author papers. The latter is listed as the first author and the second author in the order of signature. It is important to adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts, and list those who have made the greatest contribution to research work and thesis writing as the first and second authors, and so on. It is also convenient for readers to contact the author by indicating the author's unit.